{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285269494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","title":"Towards Proactive Moderation of Malicious Content via Bot Detection in Fringe Social Networks","display_name":"Towards Proactive Moderation of Malicious Content via Bot Detection in Fringe Social Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285269494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052019467","display_name":"Chiara Ravazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3186-6195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Ravazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3186-6195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I177477856","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035651305","display_name":"Francesco Malandrino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-2004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Malandrino","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-2004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I177477856","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078379817","display_name":"Fabrizio Dabbene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Dabbene","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-8971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IEIIT), Politecnico di Torino, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I177477856","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052019467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856","https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93032337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"2960","last_page":"2965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.7792445421218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398817539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"Moderation","score":0.7282578349113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7041946649551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.5157368779182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4511515200138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.4336439371109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4295840859413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.42455482482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-connectedness","display_name":"Social connectedness","score":0.41179054975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3508278727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32756978273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.32621800899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1950860619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10425606369972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09530213475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07522121071815491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.7792445421218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398817539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.7282578349113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7041946649551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.5157368779182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4511515200138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4336439371109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4295840859413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.42455482482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.41179054975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3508278727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32756978273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32621800899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1950860619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10425606369972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09530213475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07522121071815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3182291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W2015418199","https://openalex.org/W2030449718","https://openalex.org/W2081632029","https://openalex.org/W2103399651","https://openalex.org/W2151092526","https://openalex.org/W2158803465","https://openalex.org/W2617906157","https://openalex.org/W2775246207","https://openalex.org/W2953713768","https://openalex.org/W2963001718","https://openalex.org/W3011025032","https://openalex.org/W3027499708","https://openalex.org/W3083024126","https://openalex.org/W3119603962","https://openalex.org/W3125182500","https://openalex.org/W3126625775","https://openalex.org/W3200468018","https://openalex.org/W3208657694","https://openalex.org/W4226381434","https://openalex.org/W4250134109","https://openalex.org/W6682241626","https://openalex.org/W6788120966","https://openalex.org/W6810746588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2302028273","https://openalex.org/W1525643724","https://openalex.org/W2067938758","https://openalex.org/W2033141621","https://openalex.org/W2065099951","https://openalex.org/W2993423439","https://openalex.org/W4311717257","https://openalex.org/W2983880603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,32],"has":[1],"been":[2],"long":[3],"known":[4],"that":[5,34],"malicious":[6,44],"content,":[7],"e.g.,":[8,160],"fake":[9],"news,":[10],"originates":[11],"from":[12,122],"bots":[13,61,73,117],"operating":[14],"on":[15,50,81,99],"fringe":[16,52,75,93],"social":[17,28,72,94,101],"networks":[18,29,39,76],"(e.g.,":[19,30],"the":[20,51,59,68,90,100,127],"now-defunct":[21],"Parler)":[22],"and":[23,77,118,156],"then":[24,136],"percolate":[25],"to":[26,115,147,169],"mainstream":[27,38],"Twitter).":[31],"follows":[33],"effective":[35],"moderation":[36],"in":[37,55,74,162],"depends":[40],"upon":[41],"proactively":[42],"identifying":[43,58],"content":[45],"while":[46],"it":[47],"becomes":[48],"popular":[49],"ones.":[53],"This,":[54],"turn,":[56],"requires":[57],"automatic":[60],"therein.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,144],"address":[67],"problem":[69,86,134],"of":[70,92,126,154],"detecting":[71],"assessing":[78],"their":[79,120],"impact":[80,121],"individuals&#x2019;":[82],"opinions.":[83],"Such":[84],"a":[85,123,139],"is":[87,103,114,135],"complicated":[88],"by":[89,131],"nature":[91],"networks,":[95],"where":[96],"less":[97],"information":[98],"structure":[102],"available,":[104],"i.e.,":[105],"there":[106],"are":[107,167],"no":[108],"&#x201C;friends&#x201D;":[109],"or":[110],"&#x201C;followers&#x201D;.":[111],"Our":[112],"approach":[113],"detect":[116],"infer":[119],"partial":[124],"sampling":[125],"dynamical":[128],"opinions":[129],"expressed":[130],"individuals.":[132],"The":[133],"cast":[137],"as":[138],"sparse":[140],"recovery":[141],"problem,":[142],"which":[143],"will":[145],"attempt":[146],"solve":[148],"through":[149],"algorithms":[150],"with":[151],"theoretical":[152],"guarantees":[153],"accuracy":[155],"excellent":[157],"scalability":[158],"properties,":[159],"logarithmic":[161],"network":[163],"size.":[164],"Numerical":[165],"simulations":[166],"provided":[168],"corroborate":[170],"our":[171],"results.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
