{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285127898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950","title":"An Optimal Battery Sizing Co-Design Approach for Electric Racing Cars","display_name":"An Optimal Battery Sizing Co-Design Approach for Electric Racing Cars","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285127898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075306569","display_name":"Giorgio Riva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-8196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Riva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-8196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078859895","display_name":"Stefano Radrizzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Radrizzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048724009","display_name":"Giulio Panzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-536X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Panzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066842848","display_name":"Matteo Corno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Corno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-7487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047303451","display_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazionee Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71391742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3074","last_page":"3079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.8540180921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.8192906379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.7154343128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6595006585121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.6133919358253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46317464113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-battery","display_name":"Automotive battery","score":0.4620904326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-electric-vehicle","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","score":0.434563010931015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42853933572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.42403578758239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3629531264305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2145739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.21022284030914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08686792850494385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.8540180921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.8192906379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7154343128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6595006585121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.6133919358253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46317464113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45811908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902054","display_name":"Automotive battery","level":4,"score":0.4620904326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076882","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","level":4,"score":0.434563010931015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42853933572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42403578758239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3629531264305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2145739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.21022284030914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08686792850494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3181950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1219949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1219949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572628958","https://openalex.org/W1996984710","https://openalex.org/W2006651289","https://openalex.org/W2008007187","https://openalex.org/W2084004388","https://openalex.org/W2095212191","https://openalex.org/W2159580057","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2330761921","https://openalex.org/W2593097710","https://openalex.org/W2802235618","https://openalex.org/W2807626915","https://openalex.org/W2810220763","https://openalex.org/W2842089854","https://openalex.org/W2948579154","https://openalex.org/W3085009486","https://openalex.org/W3101008270","https://openalex.org/W3136124754","https://openalex.org/W3198934169","https://openalex.org/W4205733461","https://openalex.org/W4238713428","https://openalex.org/W7075690697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070411716","https://openalex.org/W4384076735","https://openalex.org/W3209824285","https://openalex.org/W2911566084","https://openalex.org/W1973996143","https://openalex.org/W2895963867","https://openalex.org/W2054835053","https://openalex.org/W4367149010","https://openalex.org/W4285127898","https://openalex.org/W4211193319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"electrification":[1],"trend":[2],"in":[3,12,47,65,72],"automotive":[4],"industry":[5],"is":[6,26,67,92,137,145],"having":[7],"a":[8,68,95,100,140],"huge":[9],"impact":[10],"also":[11],"racing":[13,73,90],"contexts.":[14],"Indeed,":[15],"Formula":[16,147],"E,":[17],"the":[18,44,85,109,115,123,129,134,146,153],"most":[19],"important":[20],"competition":[21],"for":[22,88,152],"electric":[23,89],"vehicles":[24],"(EVs),":[25],"currently":[27],"evolving":[28],"to":[29,39,50,57,127,139],"its":[30,76,119],"third":[31],"generation,":[32],"developing":[33],"more":[34],"powerful":[35],"cars.":[36],"With":[37],"respect":[38],"fuel-based":[40],"vehicles,":[41],"batteries":[42],"represent":[43],"main":[45],"shortcoming":[46],"EVs,":[48],"due":[49],"lower":[51],"energy":[52],"and":[53,114,156],"power":[54,125],"densities":[55],"compared":[56],"fuel":[58],"tanks.":[59],"For":[60],"this":[61,83],"reason,":[62],"battery":[63,86,110,124,149],"sizing":[64,87,151],"EVs":[66],"real":[69],"challenge,":[70],"especially":[71],"applications,":[74],"where":[75],"size":[77],"significantly":[78],"affects":[79],"vehicle":[80],"performance.":[81],"In":[82],"work,":[84],"cars":[91],"formulated":[93],"as":[94],"co-design":[96],"problem,":[97],"tackled":[98],"through":[99],"double-layer":[101],"nested":[102],"optimization":[103],"approach.":[104],"external":[106],"layer":[107],"optimizes":[108],"pack":[111,150],"design":[112],"parameters":[113],"internal":[116],"one":[117],"computes":[118],"optimal":[120],"use,":[121],"mainly":[122],"request,":[126],"achieve":[128],"minimum":[130],"race":[131],"time.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"proposed":[135],"approach":[136],"applied":[138],"meaningful":[141],"case":[142],"study,":[143],"that":[144],"E":[148],"2021":[154],"Rome":[155],"Valencia":[157],"ePrix.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}