{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120549309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","title":"Extremum Seeking Under Persistent Gradient Deception: A Switching Systems Approach","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Under Persistent Gradient Deception: A Switching Systems Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120549309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","mag":"3120549309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/278035","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047227365","display_name":"Felipe Galarza-Jimenez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-6336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Galarza-Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-6336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jorge I. Poveda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-6333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge I. Poveda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-6333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051265052","display_name":"Gianluca Bianchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-5535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Bianchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-5535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060100126","display_name":"Emiliano Dall\u2019Anese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-7477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emiliano Dall'Anese","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-7477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76286698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10806","display_name":"Energetic Materials and Combustion","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6793093681335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.5815565586090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5746188163757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5683346390724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.5637999176979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5198888778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.5173089504241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5050986409187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.47553086280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-stability","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","score":0.4695965051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-stability","display_name":"Exponential stability","score":0.4489082396030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.43278640508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.4124259352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3847929537296295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2886141538619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.23461705446243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1811974048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1766819953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.10918256640434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07622981071472168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6793093681335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.5815565586090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5746188163757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5683346390724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.5637999176979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5198888778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5173089504241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5050986409187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.47553086280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341651","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","level":3,"score":0.4695965051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167964875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011487","display_name":"Exponential stability","level":3,"score":0.4489082396030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.43278640508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.4124259352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3847929537296295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2886141538619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.23461705446243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1811974048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1766819953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.10918256640434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07622981071472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3050451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:278035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/278035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters, Vol. 6, no.-, p. 133-138 (2022)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:278035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/278035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters, Vol. 6, no.-, p. 133-138 (2022)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3568018204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1947613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984599496","https://openalex.org/W1988084557","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2019174039","https://openalex.org/W2122041480","https://openalex.org/W2135577849","https://openalex.org/W2164640872","https://openalex.org/W2288955300","https://openalex.org/W2296271400","https://openalex.org/W2560154500","https://openalex.org/W2614254310","https://openalex.org/W2766334604","https://openalex.org/W2943205609","https://openalex.org/W2962775700","https://openalex.org/W2964200155","https://openalex.org/W2981192231","https://openalex.org/W2982793363","https://openalex.org/W3041260350","https://openalex.org/W3045991047","https://openalex.org/W3090007783","https://openalex.org/W3108573827","https://openalex.org/W3183591154","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4252654521","https://openalex.org/W4290744580","https://openalex.org/W4300443332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2165717120","https://openalex.org/W2029954793","https://openalex.org/W2948663225","https://openalex.org/W2039390456","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4295295666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"extremum":[4],"seeking":[5],"(ES)":[6],"controllers":[7,69,120],"with":[8,70],"adversarial":[9],"attacks":[10,78,109],"in":[11,21,45],"the":[12,49,53,61,64],"form":[13],"of":[14,36,52,67,75,106],"deception":[15],"signals.":[16],"While":[17],"a":[18,22,33,73,104],"persistent":[19,76,107],"attack":[20],"feedback":[23,86],"controller":[24],"may":[25],"be":[26],"difficult":[27],"to":[28,40,47,72,83],"identify":[29],"or":[30],"mitigate,":[31],"for":[32,60,92,98],"broad":[34],"class":[35,74],"algorithms":[37],"it":[38],"suffices":[39],"achieve":[41],"mitigation":[42],"\u201csufficiently":[43],"often\u201d":[44],"order":[46],"preserve":[48,122],"stability":[50,124],"properties":[51,66],"system.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"letter,":[57],"we":[58,102],"explore":[59],"first":[62],"time":[63],"resilience":[65],"ES":[68,119],"respect":[71],"multiplicative":[77,108],"that":[79],"are":[80],"purposely":[81],"designed":[82],"destabilize":[84],"optimization-based":[85],"controllers.":[87],"By":[88],"leveraging":[89],"Lyapunov-based":[90],"arguments":[91],"switching":[93],"systems":[94],"and":[95,116],"singular-perturbation":[96],"theory":[97],"hybrid":[99],"dynamical":[100],"systems,":[101],"characterize":[103],"family":[105],"under":[110],"which":[111],"gradient-based":[112],"ES,":[113,115],"Newton-Like":[114],"Accelerated":[117],"gradient":[118],"provably":[121],"their":[123],"properties.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}