{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909744383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","title":"On Node Controllability and Observability in Complex Dynamical Networks","display_name":"On Node Controllability and Observability in Complex Dynamical Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909744383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","mag":"2909744383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103089313","display_name":"Francesco Lo Iudice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-2756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Lo Iudice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-2756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034065247","display_name":"Francesco Sorrentino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-1176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Sorrentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040609352","display_name":"F. Garofalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franco Garofalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103089313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4142,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89595827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"847","last_page":"852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9685971736907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.9668668508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6649653911590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.5856191515922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-controllability","display_name":"Network controllability","score":0.5319718718528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46043485403060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4128301739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3939122259616852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.33326900005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.2452496588230133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2450190782546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14894753694534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07963433861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.07567337155342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0594635009765625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9685971736907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.9668668508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6649653911590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.5856191515922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41982775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000977","display_name":"Network controllability","level":4,"score":0.5319718718528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46043485403060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4128301739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3939122259616852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33326900005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2452496588230133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2450190782546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14894753694534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07963433861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07567337155342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0594635009765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791725676","https://openalex.org/W1982821381","https://openalex.org/W1989266286","https://openalex.org/W1996720825","https://openalex.org/W1999653836","https://openalex.org/W2085849252","https://openalex.org/W2097722513","https://openalex.org/W2101420429","https://openalex.org/W2106308430","https://openalex.org/W2111725629","https://openalex.org/W2113146118","https://openalex.org/W2157184494","https://openalex.org/W2170723553","https://openalex.org/W2241956900","https://openalex.org/W2296217093","https://openalex.org/W2438037379","https://openalex.org/W2549227239","https://openalex.org/W2571281361","https://openalex.org/W2581850721","https://openalex.org/W2586650641","https://openalex.org/W2601329237","https://openalex.org/W2601563346","https://openalex.org/W2613088312","https://openalex.org/W2742253204","https://openalex.org/W2756316929","https://openalex.org/W2766574732","https://openalex.org/W2789371197","https://openalex.org/W2791294792","https://openalex.org/W2807485049","https://openalex.org/W6683404265","https://openalex.org/W6697356429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382203453","https://openalex.org/W2782529250","https://openalex.org/W4295267493","https://openalex.org/W1483389450","https://openalex.org/W2964305055","https://openalex.org/W2913284871","https://openalex.org/W2313670703","https://openalex.org/W1982821381","https://openalex.org/W2801563517","https://openalex.org/W2594902070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,41],"analyze":[1],"in":[2,21,83],"detail":[3],"the":[4,10,16,22,45,55,64,79],"subtle":[5],"yet":[6],"critical":[7],"differences":[8],"between":[9],"controllability":[11,46],"and":[12,47],"observability":[13,48],"properties":[14,49],"of":[15,32,50,66],"triplet":[17],"(A,":[18],"B,":[19],"C)":[20],"two":[23],"cases":[24],"that":[25,43,75],"this":[26],"is":[27,57,76],"viewed":[28],"as":[29,36],"a":[30,37,72],"network":[31,56,73],"dynamical":[33],"nodes":[34],"or":[35],"single":[38,52],"complex":[39],"system.":[40],"show":[42],"investigating":[44],"each":[51],"node":[53],"when":[54],"not":[58],"completely":[59],"controllable":[60],"and/or":[61],"observable,":[62],"requires":[63],"development":[65],"novel":[67],"tools":[68],"leading,":[69],"ultimately,":[70],"to":[71],"decomposition":[74,81],"different":[77],"from":[78],"state-space":[80],"proposed":[82],"1963":[84],"by":[85],"Kalman":[86],"for":[87],"linear":[88],"systems.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
