{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943040161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","title":"Data-Driven Minimum-Energy Controls for Linear Systems","display_name":"Data-Driven Minimum-Energy Controls for Linear Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943040161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","mag":"2943040161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070905220","display_name":"Giacomo Baggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Baggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-296X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025494801","display_name":"Vaibhav Katewa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-169X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Katewa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-169X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049920415","display_name":"Fabio Pasqualetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-8656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Pasqualetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-8656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97751899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"589","last_page":"594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability-gramian","display_name":"Controllability Gramian","score":0.733552873134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.6927378177642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.6698494553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6486993432044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.638944149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizon","display_name":"Horizon","score":0.5789494514465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5364329218864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5086015462875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gramian-matrix","display_name":"Gramian matrix","score":0.5006194114685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-controller","display_name":"Open-loop controller","score":0.49407604336738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.44572412967681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3922140598297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.38709306716918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.368984192609787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2420516312122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.22032326459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.19580817222595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.18258005380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13556432723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12901395559310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.1280404031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08309692144393921}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143461762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83587","display_name":"Controllability Gramian","level":3,"score":0.733552873134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.6927378177642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.6698494553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6486993432044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.638944149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.5789494514465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5364329218864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5086015462875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77246614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409400","display_name":"Gramian matrix","level":3,"score":0.5006194114685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.49407604336738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.44572412967681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3922140598297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.38709306716918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.368984192609787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2420516312122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.22032326459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.19580817222595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.18258005380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13556432723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12901395559310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.1280404031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08309692144393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2914090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3331515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3331515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G55216455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71603NSYIP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938602245","https://openalex.org/W1973485529","https://openalex.org/W1977106787","https://openalex.org/W2018691083","https://openalex.org/W2055576996","https://openalex.org/W2087562315","https://openalex.org/W2111725629","https://openalex.org/W2112012231","https://openalex.org/W2127863965","https://openalex.org/W2798813531","https://openalex.org/W2854640194","https://openalex.org/W2908665690","https://openalex.org/W3012546009","https://openalex.org/W3128504428","https://openalex.org/W4256040896","https://openalex.org/W6790480273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209184047","https://openalex.org/W2526478698","https://openalex.org/W4294558370","https://openalex.org/W2044791747","https://openalex.org/W3102707439","https://openalex.org/W4210360605","https://openalex.org/W2912925551","https://openalex.org/W2907471383","https://openalex.org/W3121904599","https://openalex.org/W1994014931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,105],"letter,":[2,106],"we":[3,107],"study":[4],"the":[5,52,60,72,76,81,93,128,137,150],"problem":[6,39],"of":[7,19,62,100,124,136,160],"computing":[8],"minimum-energy":[9,21,90,111],"controls":[10,91,112],"for":[11],"linear":[12,27,164],"systems":[13,165],"from":[14,117],"experimental":[15,118],"data.":[16],"The":[17],"design":[18],"open-loop":[20,89,110],"control":[22,41,77,125],"inputs":[23,64],"to":[24,67,86],"steer":[25],"a":[26,37,121,157],"system":[28,53,73,82,138],"between":[29],"two":[30],"different":[31],"states":[32],"in":[33,40,48,104],"finite":[34,122],"time":[35,130],"is":[36,65,74,145,168],"classic":[38],"theory,":[42],"whose":[43],"solution":[44],"can":[45,113],"be":[46,68,114],"computed":[47],"closed":[49],"form":[50],"using":[51],"matrices":[54],"and":[55,80,92,140],"its":[56],"controllability":[57],"Gramian.":[58],"Yet,":[59],"computation":[61],"these":[63,87],"known":[66],"ill-conditioned,":[69],"especially":[70],"when":[71],"large,":[75,162],"horizon":[78],"long,":[79],"model":[83],"uncertain.":[84],"Due":[85],"limitations,":[88],"associated":[94],"state":[95],"trajectories":[96],"have":[97],"remained":[98],"primarily":[99],"theoretical":[101],"value.":[102],"Surprisingly,":[103],"show":[108],"that":[109,144],"learned":[115],"exactly":[116],"data,":[119],"with":[120,141],"number":[123],"experiments":[126],"over":[127],"same":[129],"horizon,":[131],"without":[132],"knowledge":[133],"or":[134],"estimation":[135],"model,":[139],"an":[142],"algorithm":[143],"significantly":[146],"more":[147],"reliable":[148],"than":[149],"direct":[151],"model-based":[152],"computation.":[153],"These":[154],"findings":[155],"promote":[156],"new":[158],"philosophy":[159],"controlling":[161],"uncertain,":[163],"where":[166],"data":[167],"abundantly":[169],"available.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}