{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140189281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063","title":"A Robust Sliding Window-Based Edge Detection Algorithm for Multilevel PAM Clock Recovery","display_name":"A Robust Sliding Window-Based Edge Detection Algorithm for Multilevel PAM Clock Recovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140189281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinghao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8754-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8754-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-465X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-465X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qinchuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinchuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruihan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kuojun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-731X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuojun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-731X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.285221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"1518","last_page":"1522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.5187000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.5187000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.1266999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7131999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-edge","display_name":"Signal edge","score":0.3377000093460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7131999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117525741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775654","display_name":"Signal edge","level":4,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529754248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054772","display_name":"Data recovery","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44938667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4503810","display_name":"Signal integrity","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025226","display_name":"Static timing analysis","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988494973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179448","display_name":"Noise immunity","level":3,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2026.3677063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5075781623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6263147261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6142A042420504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8658821688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8808914995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2026A1515011506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8851286835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"data":[1],"rates":[2],"continue":[3],"to":[4,87,91,130,134,162],"increase":[5],"in":[6,50,140],"high-speed":[7],"serial":[8],"communication":[9],"systems,":[10],"signal":[11],"integrity":[12],"(SI)":[13],"issues":[14],"are":[15],"of":[16,29,100,165],"growing":[17],"concern.":[18],"Jitter":[19],"and":[20,32,74,94,153],"eye":[21],"diagram":[22],"analysis":[23],"serve":[24],"as":[25,78],"two":[26],"fundamental":[27],"means":[28],"evaluating":[30],"SI":[31,75,96],"system":[33],"performance,":[34],"both":[35],"relying":[36],"on":[37,65],"accurate":[38,52],"reference":[39],"clock":[40,43,62],"extraction":[41],"via":[42],"recovery":[44],"(CR).":[45],"In":[46],"software-based":[47],"CR":[48,92,128],"implemented":[49],"oscilloscopes,":[51,141],"edge":[53,84,107,121,158],"detection":[54,85,108,122,159],"is":[55,124],"a":[56,118],"critical":[57],"prerequisite,":[58],"since":[59],"the":[60,127,142],"recovered":[61],"depends":[63],"directly":[64],"correct":[66],"transition":[67,112],"identification.":[68],"However,":[69],"reduced":[70],"signal-to-noise":[71],"ratio":[72],"(SNR)":[73],"impairments":[76],"such":[77],"glitches":[79],"can":[80],"cause":[81],"conventional":[82],"threshold-based":[83],"methods":[86],"misidentify":[88],"transitions,":[89],"leading":[90],"failure":[93],"invalid":[95],"analysis.":[97],"The":[98],"adoption":[99],"multilevel":[101],"pulse-amplitude":[102],"modulation":[103],"(PAM)":[104],"further":[105],"complicates":[106],"by":[109],"introducing":[110],"multiple":[111],"types.":[113],"To":[114],"bridge":[115],"this":[116],"gap,":[117],"sliding":[119],"window-based":[120],"method":[123],"introduced,":[125],"enabling":[126],"algorithm":[129,143],"be":[131],"reliably":[132],"applied":[133],"PAM":[135],"signaling.":[136],"Designed":[137],"for":[138],"deployment":[139],"has":[144],"been":[145],"validated":[146],"through":[147],"simulations":[148],"under":[149],"varying":[150],"noise":[151],"levels":[152],"bandwidth-limited":[154],"conditions,":[155],"demonstrating":[156],"reliable":[157],"performance":[160],"down":[161],"an":[163],"SNR":[164],"14":[166],"dB":[167],"while":[168],"exhibiting":[169],"robustness":[170],"against":[171],"inter-symbol":[172],"interference":[173],"(ISI).":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:48:15.688549","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}
