{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417052232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858","title":"Predicting Underwater Acoustic Channel Transmission Loss of a Conjugate Source Depth","display_name":"Predicting Underwater Acoustic Channel Transmission Loss of a Conjugate Source Depth","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417052232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107726781","display_name":"Zhizhen Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5046-3839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhen Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5046-3839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049469336","display_name":"Jingbo Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-7435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingbo Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-7435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028755002","display_name":"Xudong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-2138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379884","display_name":"Jintao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-5379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40799395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"412","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.8258000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.8258000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.11789999902248383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7373999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate","display_name":"Conjugate","score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-transmission-class","display_name":"Sound transmission class","score":0.357699990272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7373999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152781226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7564819","display_name":"Sound transmission class","level":2,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983848023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733553","display_name":"Transmission channel","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19929660","display_name":"Transmission loss","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149717495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117806","display_name":"Gamma distribution","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3640858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1742381777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 62401315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5081150822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093346900","https://openalex.org/W2109968874","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2906913304","https://openalex.org/W3093414554","https://openalex.org/W4285113047","https://openalex.org/W4295338845","https://openalex.org/W4319978134","https://openalex.org/W4391307154","https://openalex.org/W4396734110","https://openalex.org/W4410862684"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"acoustic":[1,18],"communication":[2],"(UWAC)":[3],"is":[4,81,105],"almost":[5],"the":[6,24,70,84,88,102,109,124,143,148,151,170],"only":[7],"feasible":[8],"method":[9,145,168],"for":[10,66],"long-range":[11],"underwater":[12,17],"communication.":[13],"The":[14,99],"distribution":[15,72,86,113],"of":[16,26,73,87,101,111,154,172],"transmission":[19],"loss":[20],"(TL)":[21],"significantly":[22],"affects":[23],"performance":[25],"UWAC":[27],"systems.":[28],"However,":[29],"conventional":[30,177],"physics-based":[31,178],"TL":[32,67,71,85,112,152,162,173],"modeling":[33,174],"methods":[34,179],"heavily":[35],"rely":[36],"on":[37],"accurate":[38],"environmental":[39,50,96],"parameters":[40],"and":[41,137,159,180],"complex":[42],"physical":[43,188],"models,":[44],"leading":[45],"to":[46,122],"poor":[47],"robustness":[48],"against":[49],"parameter":[51,97],"mismatch.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55],"challenges,":[56],"we":[57,127],"formulate":[58],"a":[59,74,78,129],"conjugate":[60,93,117,156],"source":[61,76,90,118,157],"depth":[62,80,94],"prediction":[63],"(CSDP)":[64],"task":[65,104],"modeling,":[68],"where":[69],"sound":[75,89],"at":[77,91,115],"certain":[79],"predicted":[82],"by":[83,107],"its":[92],"without":[95],"inputs.":[98],"feasibility":[100],"CSDP":[103,125,131],"illustrated":[106],"revealing":[108],"correlation":[110,149],"characteristics":[114],"two":[116,155],"depths.":[119],"After":[120],"that,":[121],"solve":[123],"task,":[126],"propose":[128],"U-Net-based":[130],"method.":[132],"By":[133],"designing":[134],"concatenated":[135],"input":[136],"leveraging":[138],"multi-resolution":[139],"structure":[140],"into":[141],"U-Net,":[142],"proposed":[144],"could":[146],"capture":[147],"between":[150],"distributions":[153],"depths":[158],"realize":[160],"efficient":[161],"modeling.":[163],"Experiments":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"our":[167],"reduces":[169],"complexity":[171],"compared":[175],"with":[176,186],"exhibits":[181],"generalization":[182],"in":[183],"marine":[184],"environments":[185],"varying":[187],"conditions.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}