{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416178268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523","title":"Does Semantic Similarity Provide Enhanced Physical Layer Security?","display_name":"Does Semantic Similarity Provide Enhanced Physical Layer Security?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416178268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016538519","display_name":"Nihan Ar\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-1022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nihan Ar\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-1022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016462759","display_name":"Leila Musavian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-1157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Musavian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-1157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011969400","display_name":"Nikolaos Thomos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Thomos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68658891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.5426999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.5426999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.3452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.7511000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.3986999988555908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.7511000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37926939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449061","display_name":"Semantic equivalence","level":4,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202708506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449050","display_name":"Semantic compression","level":5,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198942812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496618","display_name":"Semantic property","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110903229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449064","display_name":"Semantic integration","level":4,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103692084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765824","display_name":"Semantic grid","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3632523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1566636077","display_name":"Platform Driving The Ultimate Connectivity","funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3589673515","display_name":"TITAN Extension","funder_award_id":"EP/Y037243/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,22,37,41,58,62,90,104,127,146,150,153,186],"security":[4,49],"of":[5,95,152,188,191],"semantic":[6,17,42,74,97,106,134,147,154,192],"communication":[7,18],"systems":[8],"over":[9],"Rayleigh":[10],"fading":[11],"wiretap":[12],"channels.":[13],"Unlike":[14],"traditional":[15,67],"systems,":[16],"focuses":[19],"on":[20],"recovering":[21],"intended":[23],"meaning":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"exact":[27],"bits.":[28],"To":[29,84],"cope":[30],"with":[31],"this":[32],"inconsistency,":[33],"we":[34,88,170],"propose,":[35],"for":[36,103],"first":[38],"time,":[39],"using":[40],"similarity":[43,76,107,148],"metric":[44],"to":[45,66,121,126,167],"enhance":[46,183],"physical":[47],"layer":[48],"within":[50],"a":[51,131],"realistic":[52],"framework":[53],"in":[54,159],"which":[55,158],"noise":[56],"affects":[57,161],"transmitted":[59,91],"messages":[60,92],"at":[61,185],"bit":[63],"level":[64],"similarly":[65],"systems.":[68],"Semantic":[69],"sets":[70],"are":[71],"defined":[72],"via":[73],"(cosine)":[75],"thresholds":[77,174,182],"and":[78,116,137,165],"decoding":[79,163],"performance":[80],"is":[81,156],"evaluated":[82],"accordingly.":[83],"address":[85],"complexity":[86],"challenges,":[87],"segment":[89],"into":[93],"chunks":[94,115],"decreasing":[96],"importance.":[98,128],"We":[99],"compare":[100],"two":[101],"strategies":[102],"considered":[105],"thresholds:":[108],"(a)":[109],"keeping":[110],"them":[111,120],"constant":[112],"across":[113],"all":[114],"(b)":[117],"linearly":[118],"scaling":[119],"adjust":[122],"their":[123],"value":[124],"according":[125],"Results":[129],"reveal":[130],"trade-off":[132],"among":[133],"reliability,":[135,179],"security,":[136,176],"complexity.":[138],"Further,":[139],"our":[140],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that":[143,172],"by":[144],"adjusting":[145],"threshold,":[149],"size":[151],"set":[155],"controlled,":[157],"turn":[160],"both":[162],"success":[164],"vulnerability":[166],"leakage.":[168,193],"Finally,":[169],"note":[171],"higher":[173],"improve":[175],"but":[177],"reduce":[178],"while":[180],"lower":[181],"robustness":[184],"cost":[187],"increased":[189],"risk":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
