{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412536571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865","title":"So Timely, Yet So Stale: The Impact of Clock Drift in Real-Time Systems","display_name":"So Timely, Yet So Stale: The Impact of Clock Drift in Real-Time Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412536571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082362605","display_name":"Mehrdad Salimnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-0717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Salimnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Link&#x00F6;ping, Sweden","Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Link&#x00F6;ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084740578","display_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03ac\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4416-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Pappas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Link&#x00F6;ping, Sweden","Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Link&#x00F6;ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088602155","display_name":"Marios Kountouris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-080X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Kountouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Department, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","Communication Systems Dept, EURECOM, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Department, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Dept, EURECOM, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082362605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18061352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"10","first_page":"2228","last_page":"2232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9517999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6704965829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.48118478059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42463356256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32949012517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3248645067214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.28198859095573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.273620069026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.10467997193336487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704965829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.48118478059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42463356256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32949012517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3248645067214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.28198859095573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.273620069026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.10467997193336487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3590865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991847199","https://openalex.org/W2018093989","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2736151844","https://openalex.org/W2996238281","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3137257456","https://openalex.org/W3180974649","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4211024811","https://openalex.org/W4286377573","https://openalex.org/W4391020658","https://openalex.org/W4392543367","https://openalex.org/W4394800840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1595208394","https://openalex.org/W2162140253","https://openalex.org/W2898158071","https://openalex.org/W2545251432","https://openalex.org/W1964811351","https://openalex.org/W2042636029","https://openalex.org/W66100006","https://openalex.org/W2143512796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,106],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,66,108],"address":[4],"the":[5,39,51,69,81,85,95,98,110,117],"problem":[6],"of":[7,10,38,87,112],"timely":[8],"delivery":[9],"status":[11,23],"update":[12],"packets":[13,43],"in":[14],"a":[15,20,27,30],"real-time":[16],"communication":[17],"system,":[18],"where":[19],"transmitter":[21,52],"sends":[22],"updates":[24],"generated":[25],"by":[26],"source":[28],"to":[29],"receiver":[31],"over":[32],"an":[33],"unreliable":[34],"channel.":[35],"The":[36],"timestamps":[37],"transmitted":[40],"and":[41,53,73,90,97,122],"received":[42],"are":[44],"measured":[45],"using":[46],"separate":[47],"clocks":[48],"located":[49],"at":[50],"receiver,":[54],"respectively.":[55],"To":[56],"account":[57],"for":[58,94],"possible":[59],"clock":[60,103],"drift":[61,77,104],"between":[62],"these":[63],"two":[64],"clocks,":[65],"consider":[67],"both":[68,102],"<italic":[70,74],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71,75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">deterministic</i>":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">probabilistic</i>":[76],"scenarios.":[78],"We":[79],"analyze":[80],"system\u2019s":[82],"performance":[83],"regarding":[84],"Age":[86],"Information":[88],"(AoI)":[89],"derive":[91],"closed-form":[92],"expressions":[93],"distribution":[96],"average":[99,118],"AoI":[100,119],"under":[101],"models.":[105],"addition,":[107],"explore":[109],"impact":[111],"key":[113],"system":[114],"parameters":[115],"on":[116],"through":[120],"analytical":[121],"numerical":[123],"results.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
