{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411336961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860","title":"Physical Layer Security Enhancement for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided MIMO Communications","display_name":"Physical Layer Security Enhancement for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided MIMO Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411336961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755609","display_name":"Xiaoqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3942-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112759654","display_name":"Xu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7562-942X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458455","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061667092","display_name":"Yuzheng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-5069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzheng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022158195","display_name":"Difei Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Difei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication and Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100755609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11467608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"8","first_page":"1919","last_page":"1923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7118818163871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7032679319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6031694412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.5411627888679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4531245529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3897867202758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3273322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2429787516593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22547024488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.20693552494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1242932379245758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7118818163871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7032679319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6031694412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.5411627888679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4531245529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3897867202758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3273322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2429787516593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22547024488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.20693552494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1242932379245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3579860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787257905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2441227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4050208279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121126617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6308737694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62225103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7498377815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-TP-22-002C2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625081130","https://openalex.org/W2055701814","https://openalex.org/W2064191652","https://openalex.org/W2106565812","https://openalex.org/W2111136894","https://openalex.org/W2900619600","https://openalex.org/W3121416728","https://openalex.org/W3134105517","https://openalex.org/W3211900272","https://openalex.org/W4225824654","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285170691","https://openalex.org/W4312879451","https://openalex.org/W4388624562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135584473","https://openalex.org/W2964223869","https://openalex.org/W2792539140","https://openalex.org/W2005808740","https://openalex.org/W2295130398","https://openalex.org/W2064951085","https://openalex.org/W2626141450","https://openalex.org/W2810740133","https://openalex.org/W2064919237","https://openalex.org/W4302055909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beyond":[0],"diagonal":[1],"reconfigurable":[2],"intelligent":[3],"surface":[4],"(BD-RIS)":[5],"has":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"remarkable":[8],"performance":[9],"over":[10],"conventional":[11,111],"RIS":[12,112],"through":[13],"its":[14],"unique":[15],"flexible":[16],"signal":[17],"manipulation":[18],"capability.":[19],"This":[20],"letter":[21],"investigates":[22],"physical":[23],"layer":[24],"security":[25],"enhancement":[26],"in":[27],"a":[28],"multiple-input":[29],"multiple-output":[30],"(MIMO)":[31],"system":[32],"aided":[33],"by":[34],"BD-RIS":[35,53,100],"under":[36],"eavesdropping":[37],"channel.":[38],"To":[39],"achieve":[40],"the":[41,47,52,57,62,95,99,106,115],"maximal":[42],"secrecy":[43],"rate,":[44],"we":[45,71],"co-optimize":[46],"transmit":[48,63],"covariance":[49],"matrix":[50],"and":[51,88,114],"unitary":[54,96],"matrix.":[55,101],"First,":[56],"projected":[58],"gradient":[59,77],"method":[60],"refines":[61],"beamforming":[64],"to":[65,67],"adhere":[66],"power":[68],"constraints.":[69],"Second,":[70],"propose":[72],"an":[73],"adaptive":[74],"Riemannian":[75],"conjugate":[76,90],"algorithm":[78,108],"that":[79,105],"incorporates":[80],"low-order":[81],"Taylor":[82],"series":[83],"expansions":[84],"for":[85,92],"geodesic":[86],"approximation":[87],"hybrid":[89],"parameters":[91],"co-optimization,":[93],"ensuring":[94],"constraint":[97],"of":[98],"Numerical":[102],"results":[103],"indicate":[104],"proposed":[107],"significantly":[109],"outperforms":[110],"scheme":[113],"benchmark":[116],"schemes.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}