{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409641198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854","title":"A Phase Offset Blind Estimation Algorithm for QAM Modulation and Its FPGA Implementation","display_name":"A Phase Offset Blind Estimation Algorithm for QAM Modulation and Its FPGA Implementation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409641198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102681052","display_name":"Zifeng Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zifeng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878820","display_name":"Cuicui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-4345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuicui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087152080","display_name":"Xinyan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540891","display_name":"S. J. Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengliang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014183376","display_name":"Anxue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anxue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003588","display_name":"Zhensheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-9850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhensheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102681052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08643624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"1395","last_page":"1399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.691197395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6873220205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6403604745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6259033679962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5357204079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.508787214756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5076326131820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.47305193543434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.4423273801803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.41028666496276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.3980867266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3464730679988861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.3432348966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3167737126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.30733364820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.26173949241638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.25726109743118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.17544269561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08405348658561707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.691197395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873220205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6403604745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6259033679962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5357204079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.508787214756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5076326131820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.47305193543434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.4423273801803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.41028666496276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3980867266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3464730679988861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.3432348966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3167737126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.30733364820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.26173949241638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.25726109743118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.17544269561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08405348658561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3562854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8521741271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3900102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8666825435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-ZDCYL-05-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974789198","https://openalex.org/W2070793330","https://openalex.org/W2129940694","https://openalex.org/W2313349141","https://openalex.org/W2606889249","https://openalex.org/W2910630127","https://openalex.org/W4364859952","https://openalex.org/W4394995576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2110234499","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,24,32,38,52,66,70,107],"design,":[4],"implementation,":[5],"and":[6,14,42,60,87,115],"validation":[7],"of":[8,51,69,118],"an":[9,85],"FPGA-based":[10],"phase":[11,26,39],"offset":[12],"estimation":[13,40],"compensation":[15],"algorithm":[16,22,53,80],"for":[17,124],"RF":[18,96],"communication":[19,126],"systems.":[20],"The":[21,49,79,102],"improves":[23],"vector-valued":[25],"estimator":[27],"(VVPE)":[28],"method":[29],"by":[30],"selecting":[31],"outermost":[33],"constellation":[34],"points":[35],"to":[36,98],"improve":[37],"accuracy,":[41,112],"it":[43,122],"supports":[44],"various":[45],"QAM":[46],"modulation":[47],"schemes.":[48],"effectiveness":[50],"is":[54,77,81,91],"first":[55],"verified":[56],"through":[57],"MATLAB":[58],"simulations":[59],"Pluto":[61],"SDR-based":[62],"experiments,":[63],"during":[64],"which":[65],"optimal":[67],"value":[68],"averaging":[71],"filter":[72],"parameter":[73],"<italic":[74],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i>":[76],"determined.":[78],"then":[82],"implemented":[83],"on":[84],"FPGA,":[86],"a":[88],"test":[89],"system":[90,109],"developed":[92],"in":[93],"conjunction":[94],"with":[95],"instruments":[97],"validate":[99],"its":[100],"performance.":[101],"experimental":[103],"results":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"that":[106],"proposed":[108],"achieves":[110],"high":[111],"low":[113],"latency,":[114],"efficient":[116],"utilization":[117],"hardware":[119],"resources,":[120],"making":[121],"suitable":[123],"practical":[125],"applications.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}