{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406354748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519","title":"An Improved Pointing Error Model for mmWave and THz Links: Antenna and Array Design Impact","display_name":"An Improved Pointing Error Model for mmWave and THz Links: Antenna and Array Design Impact","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406354748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092705671","display_name":"Evla Safahan Ahrazo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2758-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evla Safahan Ahrazoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmet Caner Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-8326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Caner Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024416295","display_name":"Mehmet Nuri Ak\u0131nc\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-5799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Nuri Akinci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031070537","display_name":"\u0130brahim Altunba\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Altunbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053595586","display_name":"Eylem Erdo\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","display_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03stptj97","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eylem Erdogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092705671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8567979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"532","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6382861137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.5366214513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5285664200782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45419883728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.42528074979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39911043643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22067341208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.21530401706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1637820303440094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6382861137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.5366214513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5285664200782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45419883728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.42528074979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39911043643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22067341208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.21530401706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1637820303440094}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3529519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gcris.iyte.edu.tr:11147/15333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11147/15333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400894","display_name":"\u0130YTE (\u0130ZM\u0130R Y\u00dcKSEK TEKNOLOJ\u0130 ENST\u0130T\u00dcS\u00dc)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","host_organization_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/68416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/68416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199847488","https://openalex.org/W1797540631","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2097398761","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2759529277","https://openalex.org/W2766674509","https://openalex.org/W2908827479","https://openalex.org/W2909920241","https://openalex.org/W3092216685","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3199840422","https://openalex.org/W4285159269","https://openalex.org/W4295308320","https://openalex.org/W4312339417","https://openalex.org/W4312794484","https://openalex.org/W4387042313","https://openalex.org/W4387717382","https://openalex.org/W4400188408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2552043696","https://openalex.org/W2400319883","https://openalex.org/W3110694720","https://openalex.org/W2036271115","https://openalex.org/W2585623765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pointing":[0],"error":[1,24,51,121,137],"has":[2],"a":[3,47,139],"significant":[4],"impact":[5,36,191],"on":[6,158],"the":[7,30,35,62,68,74,77,116,119,126,135,143,148,154,168,174,178,190,200,210],"performance":[8,180],"of":[9,37,95,118,142,151,181,192],"millimeter":[10],"wave":[11],"(mmWave)":[12],"and":[13,40,73,86,90,100,130,153,161,202,213],"terahertz":[14],"(THz)":[15],"communications":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,125,188],"directional":[19,55],"transmission.":[20],"Currently":[21],"existing":[22],"pointing":[23,50,120,136,193],"models":[25],"are":[26,122,206],"lacking":[27],"in":[28,44,111],"capturing":[29],"mmWave/THz":[31,56],"radiation":[32,71],"characteristics":[33],"and/or":[34],"antenna":[38,81,201],"design":[39,82,92,160,204],"array":[41,69,75,91,96,203],"design.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"this":[45],"letter,":[46],"simple":[48],"analytical":[49],"model":[52,79,170],"for":[53,66],"highly":[54],"transmission":[57],"is":[58,106,132,165,186],"proposed.":[59],"By":[60],"utilizing":[61],"Gaussian":[63,127],"beam":[64,128],"approximation":[65,105],"both":[67],"element":[70,98],"pattern":[72],"factor,":[76],"presented":[78],"incorporates":[80],"parameters":[83,93,205],"(maximum":[84],"gain":[85],"3":[87,101],"dB":[88,102],"beamwidth)":[89],"(number":[94],"elements,":[97],"spacing,":[99],"beamwidth).":[103],"This":[104],"validated":[107],"via":[108],"electromagnetic":[109],"simulations":[110],"CST":[112],"Microwave":[113],"Studio.":[114],"Afterwards,":[115],"statistics":[117],"derived":[123],"according":[124],"approximation,":[129],"it":[131],"demonstrated":[133],"that":[134,167,199],"follows":[138],"special":[140],"case":[141],"negative":[144],"log-Gamma":[145],"distribution":[146],"with":[147,173],"shape":[149],"parameter":[150,156],"2":[152],"scale":[155],"depending":[157],"antenna/array":[159],"jitter":[162,211],"variance.":[163],"It":[164],"shown":[166],"proposed":[169],"aligns":[171],"perfectly":[172],"simulation":[175],"results.":[176],"Moreover,":[177],"outage":[179],"an":[182],"aerial":[183],"communication":[184],"scenario":[185],"analyzed":[187],"examine":[189],"errors.":[194],"The":[195],"results":[196],"have":[197],"revealed":[198],"as":[207,209],"influential":[208],"variance,":[212],"they":[214],"cannot":[215],"be":[216],"neglected.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}