{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405270111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038","title":"Performance Analysis of Physical Layer Security for Over-the-Air Computation Using Distributed Null-Steering Beamforming","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Physical Layer Security for Over-the-Air Computation Using Distributed Null-Steering Beamforming","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405270111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083535368","display_name":"Umer Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Usman Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056814478","display_name":"Sunghwan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002135635","display_name":"Haejoon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haejoon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083535368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82895666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"303","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6834054589271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6799091100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6127736568450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5736975073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4387814402580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.4355739653110504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3419502377510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29542243480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27963462471961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2082059681415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.13688766956329346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6834054589271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799091100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6127736568450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5736975073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4387814402580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.4355739653110504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3419502377510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29542243480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27963462471961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2082059681415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.13688766956329346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3515038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W2096236228","https://openalex.org/W2140147750","https://openalex.org/W2912565098","https://openalex.org/W2953675020","https://openalex.org/W3004534379","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W3105362482","https://openalex.org/W3197200456","https://openalex.org/W3217472438","https://openalex.org/W4226195265","https://openalex.org/W4226330868","https://openalex.org/W4311413457","https://openalex.org/W4362653504","https://openalex.org/W4365128888","https://openalex.org/W4365793461","https://openalex.org/W4399406093","https://openalex.org/W4402816814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W1570309050","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2766792752","https://openalex.org/W2765561517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over-the-air":[0],"computation":[1],"(AirComp)":[2],"reduces":[3],"the":[4,12,16,21,66,73,80,90,113,117,121],"latency":[5],"of":[6,15,68],"wireless":[7,17],"data":[8],"aggregation":[9],"by":[10],"leveraging":[11],"superposition":[13],"property":[14],"channel":[18],"to":[19,46,55,64,110,119],"achieve":[20],"desired":[22],"function.":[23],"This":[24],"letter":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,52,105],"physical":[28],"layer":[29],"security":[30],"(PLS)":[31],"technique":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"cooperative":[35,102],"beamforming":[36,94],"(CB)":[37],"and":[38,58,116],"distributed":[39,92],"null":[40,62],"steering":[41,63],"for":[42,79],"an":[43,69],"AirComp":[44,59],"network":[45],"effectively":[47],"prevent":[48],"eavesdropping.":[49],"We":[50],"provide":[51],"theoretical":[53],"framework":[54],"combine":[56],"CB":[57],"with":[60],"adaptive":[61],"degrade":[65],"reception":[67],"eavesdropper":[70],"located":[71],"near":[72],"legitimate":[74],"receiver.":[75],"A":[76],"closed-form":[77],"expression":[78],"average":[81,122],"mean":[82],"squared":[83],"error":[84],"(MSE)":[85],"is":[86,108],"derived,":[87],"showing":[88],"that":[89],"proposed":[91],"null-steering":[93],"provides":[95],"significantly":[96],"better":[97],"PLS":[98],"performance":[99],"than":[100],"analog":[101],"beamforming.":[103],"Furthermore,":[104],"genetic":[106],"algorithm":[107],"employed":[109],"jointly":[111],"optimize":[112],"nulling":[114],"factor":[115],"direction":[118],"maximize":[120],"MSE":[123],"gap.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}