{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402593270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798","title":"Coupled Phase-Shift STAR-RIS for Secure MIMO Communication: A DRL-Based Beamforming Design","display_name":"Coupled Phase-Shift STAR-RIS for Secure MIMO Communication: A DRL-Based Beamforming Design","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402593270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086926899","display_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020732505","display_name":"Hongxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044452711","display_name":"Gangcan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangcan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076986736","display_name":"Xingwang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113387164","display_name":"Zhengyang Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, U.K","School of Electrical engineering, Royalholloway University of London, Egham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical engineering, Royalholloway University of London, Egham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434769","display_name":"Jianhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086926899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.3297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98867766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"11","first_page":"2488","last_page":"2492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7391812801361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6582276225090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613825798034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42802348732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39237892627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3902341425418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13072964549064636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7391812801361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6582276225090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613825798034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42802348732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39237892627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3902341425418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13072964549064636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3462798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205119076","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W4280644846","https://openalex.org/W4281940254","https://openalex.org/W4285142136","https://openalex.org/W4310557589","https://openalex.org/W4313037712","https://openalex.org/W4313067094","https://openalex.org/W4319459219","https://openalex.org/W4376481329","https://openalex.org/W4383754029","https://openalex.org/W4385627298","https://openalex.org/W4386825118","https://openalex.org/W4389104954","https://openalex.org/W4399450462","https://openalex.org/W6747473740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692","https://openalex.org/W3124036039","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,18],"simultaneously":[1],"transmitting":[2],"and":[3,39,55],"reflecting":[4],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(STAR-RIS)":[8],"aided":[9],"multiple-input":[10],"multiple-output":[11],"(MIMO)":[12],"secure":[13],"communication":[14],"system":[15],"is":[16,25,44,65],"explored.":[17],"practical":[19],"coupled":[20],"phase-shift":[21],"model":[22],"of":[23,53,108],"STAR-RIS":[24,85,109],"taken":[26],"into":[27],"account":[28],"for":[29],"beamforming":[30,41,76],"design.":[31],"Based":[32],"on":[33],"this":[34],"model,":[35],"a":[36,113],"joint":[37,75],"active":[38],"passive":[40],"optimization":[42],"problem":[43],"formulate":[45],"to":[46,67,99,112],"maximize":[47],"the":[48,69,74,94,100],"long-term":[49],"sum":[50],"secrecy":[51,90],"rate":[52],"transmission":[54],"reflection":[56],"users.":[57],"An":[58],"efficient":[59],"deep":[60],"reinforcement":[61],"learning":[62],"(DRL)-based":[63],"algorithm":[64],"proposed":[66],"address":[68],"multivariate":[70],"coupling":[71],"issue":[72],"in":[73],"design":[77],"problem.":[78],"Simulation":[79],"results":[80],"show":[81],"that:":[82],"1)":[83],"All":[84],"schemes":[86],"can":[87],"achieve":[88],"better":[89],"performance":[91,115],"gain":[92],"than":[93],"conventional":[95],"RIS;":[96],"2)":[97],"Compared":[98],"optimal":[101],"independent":[102],"phase":[103,106],"shifts,":[104],"couple":[105],"shifts":[107],"only":[110],"lead":[111],"slight":[114],"loss.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}