{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400409800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013","title":"A Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO)-Based RIS Phase Shift Design for a RIS-Assisted Multi-Antenna System","display_name":"A Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO)-Based RIS Phase Shift Design for a RIS-Assisted Multi-Antenna System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400409800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092128430","display_name":"Abdel Nasser Soumana Hamadou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152863","display_name":"Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/042tph174","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152863"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdel Nasser Soumana Hamadou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-2589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152863"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088432815","display_name":"Ciira wa Maina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-3129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I344018163","display_name":"Dedan Kimathi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg5ty85","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I344018163"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciira Wa Maina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAIL), Dedan Kimathi University of Technology (DeKUT), Nyeri, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-3129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAIL), Dedan Kimathi University of Technology (DeKUT), Nyeri, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I344018163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061530569","display_name":"Moussa Moindze Soidridine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-9977"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moussa Moindze Soidridine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Techniques, University of Comoros, Moroni, Comoros"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Techniques, University of Comoros, Moroni, Comoros","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70403608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"9","first_page":"2171","last_page":"2175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5592223405838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5341963171958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38551926612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1695234477519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5592223405838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5341963171958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38551926612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1695234477519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3423013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2598629705","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3114989768","https://openalex.org/W3128409631","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3212899630","https://openalex.org/W4297094766","https://openalex.org/W4312564693","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4315701709","https://openalex.org/W4319663610","https://openalex.org/W4320005626","https://openalex.org/W4362714460","https://openalex.org/W4377000476","https://openalex.org/W4380082656","https://openalex.org/W4399851288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surfaces":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"offer":[4],"numerous":[5],"interesting":[6],"advantages,":[7],"including":[8],"the":[9,32,48,72,100,106,110],"ability":[10],"to":[11,16,70,98],"dynamically":[12],"rearrange":[13],"wireless":[14],"channels":[15],"enhance":[17],"communication":[18],"system":[19],"performance.":[20],"The":[21,76,103],"design":[22,61],"of":[23,34,105],"RIS":[24,58],"phase":[25,59],"shift":[26,60],"has":[27],"received":[28],"more":[29],"attention,":[30],"and":[31,121],"majority":[33],"present":[35,55],"methods":[36],"for":[37],"optimising":[38],"spectral":[39,74,126],"efficiency":[40],"(SE)":[41],"involve":[42],"complex":[43],"matrix":[44],"inversions":[45],"that":[46,63,109],"increase":[47],"overall":[49],"complexity.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54],"a":[56,65],"novel":[57],"approach":[62,79],"uses":[64],"grey":[66,82],"wolf":[67,83],"optimizer":[68],"(GWO)":[69],"maximise":[71],"user\u2019s":[73],"efficiency.":[75,127],"proposed":[77,111],"GWO":[78],"creates":[80],"several":[81],"search":[84,91],"agents.":[85],"Based":[86],"on":[87],"SE":[88],"performance,":[89],"each":[90],"agent\u2019s":[92],"position":[93],"is":[94],"modified":[95],"in":[96,125],"iteration":[97],"determine":[99],"optimal":[101],"choice.":[102],"outcomes":[104],"simulation":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"GWO-based":[112],"algorithm":[113],"can":[114],"quickly":[115],"converge,":[116],"consume":[117],"significantly":[118],"less":[119],"time,":[120],"produce":[122],"noticeable":[123],"improvements":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
