{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774","title":"A Doppler-Tolerant Synchronization Method for 5G NR-Based Non-Terrestrial Networks","display_name":"A Doppler-Tolerant Synchronization Method for 5G NR-Based Non-Terrestrial Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065857008","display_name":"Yeong Jun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong Jun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085175581","display_name":"Seung Won Ha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Won Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8585-6258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045169800","display_name":"Yong Soo Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Soo Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-9434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92863862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"617","last_page":"621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.7327567934989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7199587225914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.701549768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"Preamble","score":0.6490250825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.6009833216667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5936311483383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5397141575813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utc-offset","display_name":"UTC offset","score":0.53768390417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5225105285644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48333048820495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.46518272161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4349614083766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.4285173714160919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3806818127632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3416929841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2902836799621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2547377347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1887095868587494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1578146517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.11251696944236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09839120507240295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.7327567934989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7199587225914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.701549768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.6490250825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.6009833216667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5936311483383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5397141575813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187110","display_name":"UTC offset","level":3,"score":0.53768390417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5225105285644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48333048820495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.46518272161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4349614083766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4285173714160919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3806818127632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3416929841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2902836799621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2547377347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1887095868587494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1578146517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.11251696944236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09839120507240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2024.3353774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2369137519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00277799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3619336826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1F1A1064413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4631176279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A4A2001316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982663452","https://openalex.org/W2067096554","https://openalex.org/W2160687870","https://openalex.org/W2934866582","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W4293812336","https://openalex.org/W4317522997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010378487","https://openalex.org/W2152289160","https://openalex.org/W69851114","https://openalex.org/W2148593075","https://openalex.org/W2051437215","https://openalex.org/W113178990","https://openalex.org/W2811018130","https://openalex.org/W3035047254","https://openalex.org/W2273957955","https://openalex.org/W2795913985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"initial":[1,52],"synchronization":[2,53],"method":[3,79,122],"robust":[4],"to":[5,140],"a":[6,39,60,86,112,148],"large":[7,61,87,113],"Doppler":[8,62],"offset":[9,90],"is":[10,49,123,138],"required":[11],"for":[12,51],"user":[13],"equipment":[14],"(UE)":[15],"in":[16,57,69,82,94,108,144],"non-terrestrial":[17],"networks":[18],"(NTNs)":[19],"based":[20,129],"on":[21,130],"new":[22],"radio":[23],"(NR)":[24],"because":[25],"of":[26,30,76,85,111],"the":[27,55,66,77,83,109,116,126],"high":[28],"speed":[29],"low":[31,149],"earth":[32],"orbit":[33],"(LEO)":[34],"satellites.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"letter,":[38],"multiple":[40],"differential":[41,135],"correlation":[42,131],"combining":[43],"with":[44,59,125,147],"different":[45],"time":[46],"offsets":[47],"(MDCT)":[48],"proposed":[50,120],"at":[54],"UE":[56],"NTNs":[58],"offset,":[63],"without":[64],"changing":[65],"existing":[67],"preamble":[68],"5G":[70],"NR.":[71],"Autocorrelation":[72],"and":[73,101,137],"cross-correlation":[74],"properties":[75],"MDCT":[78,117,121],"are":[80],"derived":[81],"presence":[84,110],"carrier":[88],"frequency":[89],"(CFO).":[91],"Simulation":[92],"results":[93],"NTN":[95],"channel":[96],"environments":[97,146],"shows":[98],"that":[99],"timing":[100],"cell":[102],"ID":[103],"can":[104],"be":[105],"detected":[106],"correctly":[107],"CFO":[114],"by":[115],"method.":[118],"The":[119],"compared":[124],"conventional":[127],"methods":[128],"(5G":[132],"NR)":[133],"or":[134],"correlation,":[136],"found":[139],"provide":[141],"better":[142],"performance":[143],"multicell":[145],"computational":[150],"complexity.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
