{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388676654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313","title":"Fluid Antenna System Enhancing Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access","display_name":"Fluid Antenna System Enhancing Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388676654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10181693/1/FINAL%20VERSION.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056936359","display_name":"Wee Kiat New","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wee Kiat New","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Yonsei Frontier Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Frontier Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028775549","display_name":"Hao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383217","display_name":"Yangyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087919","display_name":"Kuang-Chi (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/002thpc56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056936359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0563,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98212935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"218","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.697220504283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6787606477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.5599981546401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5408539772033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5128843784332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4962173104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.49226847290992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.42353999614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39487436413764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.35140302777290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3270593285560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30152371525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14305168390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.13768282532691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09528109431266785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.697220504283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6787606477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.5599981546401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5408539772033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5128843784332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4962173104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.49226847290992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.42353999614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39487436413764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.35140302777290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3270593285560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30152371525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14305168390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.13768282532691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09528109431266785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3333313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10181693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10181693/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10181693/1/FINAL%20VERSION.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10181693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10181693/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10181693/1/FINAL%20VERSION.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2956197116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4452789356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7292533593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388676654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388676654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016688072","https://openalex.org/W3145258291","https://openalex.org/W3200905437","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4220978974","https://openalex.org/W4280541535","https://openalex.org/W4312959323","https://openalex.org/W4317796282","https://openalex.org/W4366147759","https://openalex.org/W4375928939","https://openalex.org/W4379928046","https://openalex.org/W4379931467","https://openalex.org/W4382935498","https://openalex.org/W4388073421","https://openalex.org/W4389610136","https://openalex.org/W4390800959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W4250215096","https://openalex.org/W2119209917","https://openalex.org/W2145047504","https://openalex.org/W2159179523","https://openalex.org/W2101042359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid":[0],"antenna":[1,20,34],"system":[2,29],"(FAS)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,25,42],"promising":[9],"candidate":[10],"for":[11,77,136],"the":[12,31,62,83,105,118,143],"sixth":[13],"generation":[14],"(6G)":[15],"wireless":[16,27],"networks.":[17],"Unlike":[18],"traditional":[19],"systems":[21],"(TASs),":[22],"FAS":[23,49,65,115,137],"is":[24,134],"new":[26],"communication":[28],"where":[30],"so-called":[32],"\u2018fluid\u2019":[33],"(FA)":[35],"can":[36],"finely":[37],"change":[38],"its":[39],"position":[40],"within":[41],"given":[43],"area.":[44],"This":[45],"unique":[46],"ability":[47],"allows":[48],"to":[50,98,126,146],"harness":[51],"additional":[52],"diversity":[53],"and":[54,71,94,122],"multiplexing":[55],"gains.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"letter,":[59],"we":[60,81,130],"investigate":[61],"applications":[63],"of":[64,85,120],"in":[66,108],"orthogonal":[67],"multiple":[68,73,87],"access":[69,74,88],"(OMA)":[70],"non-orthogonal":[72],"(NOMA)":[75],"networks":[76],"performance":[78],"enhancement.":[79],"Specifically,":[80],"maximize":[82],"sum-rate":[84,119],"these":[86],"schemes":[89],"via":[90],"optimal":[91,106,148],"port":[92],"selection":[93],"power":[95],"allocation":[96],"subject":[97],"per-user":[99],"rate":[100],"requirement.":[101],"We":[102],"then":[103],"obtain":[104],"variables":[107],"closed-form":[109],"expressions.":[110],"Our":[111],"results":[112],"reveal":[113],"that":[114,132],"significantly":[116],"improves":[117],"OMA":[121],"NOMA":[123],"when":[124],"compared":[125],"TAS.":[127],"More":[128],"interestingly,":[129],"discover":[131],"it":[133],"possible":[135],"without":[138],"channel":[139],"state":[140],"information":[141],"at":[142],"transmitter":[144],"(CSIT)":[145],"outperform":[147],"TAS":[149],"with":[150],"CSIT.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}