{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387546248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656","title":"Movable-Antenna Array Enhanced Beamforming: Achieving Full Array Gain With Null Steering","display_name":"Movable-Antenna Array Enhanced Beamforming: Achieving Full Array Gain With Null Steering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387546248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016962592","display_name":"Lipeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-8876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021187316","display_name":"Wenyan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-2927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-2927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422102","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924","https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":114.7076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99978971,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"12","first_page":"3340","last_page":"3344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7925616502761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.6603289842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6450668573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.6244118809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5633120536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.5449222326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5244802832603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.47110846638679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.4670409560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.43711334466934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.4116087555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4014684855937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28086578845977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20099860429763794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7925616502761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.6603289842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6450668573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.6244118809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5633120536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.5449222326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5244802832603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.47110846638679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.4670409560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.43711334466934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.4116087555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4014684855937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28086578845977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20099860429763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3323656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6177241327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-261-518-005-720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","funder_display_name":"National University of Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G709642214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2EP50120-0024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141415498","https://openalex.org/W2146323621","https://openalex.org/W2146644146","https://openalex.org/W2475682732","https://openalex.org/W2613992362","https://openalex.org/W2965716521","https://openalex.org/W3135700938","https://openalex.org/W4361197774","https://openalex.org/W4385644444","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4388666110","https://openalex.org/W4389610136","https://openalex.org/W6849843609","https://openalex.org/W6855499113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W174322327","https://openalex.org/W2354576673","https://openalex.org/W4290716467","https://openalex.org/W2125200416","https://openalex.org/W2071664861","https://openalex.org/W2391416009","https://openalex.org/W4391087564","https://openalex.org/W2007491870","https://openalex.org/W4312971258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"beamforming":[1,44,155,164],"with":[2,142,166],"fixed-position":[3],"antenna":[4,40,54,63,72,77],"(FPA)":[5],"arrays":[6,135],"has":[7],"a":[8,19,82,143],"fundamental":[9],"trade-off":[10],"between":[11],"maximizing":[12],"the":[13,25,38,47,60,71,86,94,130,138,162],"signal":[14,139],"power":[15,27],"(array":[16],"gain)":[17],"over":[18,28,93,103],"desired":[20,95],"direction":[21,96],"and":[22,76,112,120,156],"simultaneously":[23],"minimizing":[24],"interference":[26],"undesired":[29,105],"directions.":[30,114],"To":[31],"overcome":[32],"this":[33,35],"limitation,":[34],"letter":[36],"investigates":[37],"movable":[39],"(MA)":[41],"array":[42,88,154],"enhanced":[43],"by":[45,68],"exploiting":[46],"new":[48],"degree":[49],"of":[50,62,81,110],"freedom":[51],"(DoF)":[52],"via":[53],"position":[55],"optimization,":[56],"in":[57,124],"addition":[58],"to":[59,161],"design":[61],"weights.":[64],"We":[65],"show":[66,157],"that":[67,129],"jointly":[69],"optimizing":[70],"positions":[73],"vector":[74,79],"(APV)":[75],"weights":[78],"(AWV)":[80],"linear":[83],"MA":[84,134,153],"array,":[85],"full":[87],"gain":[89],"can":[90,100],"be":[91,101],"achieved":[92],"while":[97],"null":[98],"steering":[99],"realized":[102],"all":[104],"directions,":[106],"under":[107],"certain":[108],"numbers":[109],"MAs":[111],"null-steering":[113],"The":[115],"optimal":[116,131],"solutions":[117,151],"for":[118,133,152],"AWV":[119,132],"APV":[121],"are":[122],"derived":[123],"closed":[125],"form,":[126],"which":[127],"reveal":[128],"requires":[136],"only":[137],"phase":[140],"adjustment":[141],"fixed":[144],"amplitude.":[145],"Numerical":[146],"results":[147],"validate":[148],"our":[149],"analytical":[150],"their":[158],"superior":[159],"performance":[160],"conventional":[163],"techniques":[165],"FPA":[167],"arrays.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
