{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379928046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312","title":"Fluid Antenna System\u2014Part III: A New Paradigm of Distributed Artificial Scattering Surfaces for Massive Connectivity","display_name":"Fluid Antenna System\u2014Part III: A New Paradigm of Distributed Artificial Scattering Surfaces for Massive Connectivity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379928046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10172647/1/Fluid_Antenna_SystemPart_III_A_New_Paradigm_of_Distributed_Artificial_Scattering_Surfaces_for_Massive_Connectivity.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Yonsei Frontier Laboratory and School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Frontier Laboratory and School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei Frontier Laboratory and School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Frontier Laboratory and School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011048761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95188264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"1929","last_page":"1933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9078571796417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7414811849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6532079577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5887826681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5449681282043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5093351602554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.5047188997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4944579601287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4782337546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.45870646834373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4521586298942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4431183934211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.4172436594963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31355175375938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23221099376678467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9078571796417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7414811849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532079577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5887826681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5449681282043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5093351602554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.5047188997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4944579601287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4782337546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.45870646834373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4521586298942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4431183934211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.4172436594963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31355175375938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23221099376678467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3284312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10172647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172647/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10172647/1/Fluid_Antenna_SystemPart_III_A_New_Paradigm_of_Distributed_Artificial_Scattering_Surfaces_for_Massive_Connectivity.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10172647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172647/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10172647/1/Fluid_Antenna_SystemPart_III_A_New_Paradigm_of_Distributed_Artificial_Scattering_Surfaces_for_Massive_Connectivity.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2956197116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5637481674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6011370873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A5A1027646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379928046.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344766627","https://openalex.org/W2161044775","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W3007936529","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4220978974","https://openalex.org/W4312255685","https://openalex.org/W4313461442","https://openalex.org/W4323896643","https://openalex.org/W4365421145","https://openalex.org/W4379928006","https://openalex.org/W4381785778","https://openalex.org/W6839345188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W3190864439","https://openalex.org/W4383558088","https://openalex.org/W1517014499","https://openalex.org/W2101125413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,55,57,75],"a":[8,16,69,83,130,176],"promising":[9],"technology":[10],"to":[11,81,93,174],"extend":[12],"the":[13,25,31,39,46,49,53,60,141,148,151,184,192],"coverage":[14],"of":[15,27,33,38,52,59,104,150,179],"base":[17],"station":[18],"(BS)":[19],"in":[20],"wireless":[21],"communication":[22],"networks.":[23],"However,":[24],"adoption":[26],"RIS":[28,54,113,187],"comes":[29],"with":[30,124,166],"challenges":[32],"highly":[34],"complex":[35],"joint":[36],"optimization":[37,190],"multiple-input":[40],"multiple-output":[41],"(MIMO)":[42],"precoding":[43,135,156,182],"matrix":[44],"at":[45,97,183],"BS":[47,155,185],"and":[48,112,114,136,191],"phase":[50,137,188],"shifters":[51],"well":[56],"estimation":[58],"cascaded":[61],"channels.":[62],"To":[63],"circumvent":[64],"this,":[65],"this":[66],"letter":[67],"presents":[68],"new":[70],"paradigm":[71],"that":[72,87,123,163],"uses":[73],"RISs":[74],"distributed":[76],"artificial":[77],"scattering":[78,85],"surfaces":[79],"(DASSs)":[80],"produce":[82],"rich":[84],"environment":[86],"enables":[88],"fluid":[89,105],"antenna":[90,106],"system":[91],"(FAS)":[92],"prevent":[94],"multiuser":[95],"interference":[96],"each":[98],"user":[99],"equipment":[100],"(UE).":[101],"The":[102],"use":[103],"multiple":[107],"access":[108],"(FAMA)":[109],"liberates":[110],"MIMO":[111],"greatly":[115],"simplifies":[116],"their":[117],"optimization.":[118],"Our":[119,159],"simulation":[120],"results":[121,160],"show":[122],"DASS,":[125],"slow":[126],"FAMA":[127,165],"can":[128,169],"obtain":[129],"high":[131],"multiplexing":[132,177],"gain":[133,178],"without":[134,181],"shifter":[138,189],"design":[139],"when":[140],"direct":[142,152,193],"link":[143],"does":[144],"not":[145],"exist.":[146],"In":[147],"presence":[149],"link,":[153],"nonetheless,":[154],"becomes":[157],"essential.":[158],"further":[161],"reveal":[162],"fast":[164],"20":[167],"DASSs":[168],"accommodate":[170],"64":[171],"co-channel":[172],"UEs":[173],"achieve":[175],"59.3":[180],"nor":[186],"link.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}