{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316661310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595","title":"Deep Learning Enabled Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access","display_name":"Deep Learning Enabled Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316661310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164098/1/Deep_Learning_Enabled_Slow_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028878680","display_name":"Noor Waqar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noor Waqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021797022","display_name":"Adrian Sharples","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332878012","display_name":"BT Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kv9pj15","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Sharples","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Telecommunications, Ipswich, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Telecommunications, Ipswich, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383217","display_name":"Yangyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087919","display_name":"Kuang-Chi (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/002thpc56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028878680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9785662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"861","last_page":"865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6914008855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6268920302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5868523716926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.514987051486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5149534344673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.46959367394447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43828973174095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3919622004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.36236125230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3426424264907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.26719167828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.187440425157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09803435206413269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6914008855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6268920302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5868523716926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.514987051486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5149534344673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.46959367394447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43828973174095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3919622004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36236125230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3426424264907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26719167828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.187440425157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09803435206413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3237595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10164098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164098/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164098/1/Deep_Learning_Enabled_Slow_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10164098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164098/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164098/1/Deep_Learning_Enabled_Slow_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4987560225","display_name":"Industrial CASE Account - University College London 2021","funder_award_id":"EP/W522077/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G688662574","display_name":"AI for fluid MIMO systems","funder_award_id":"2646370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316661310.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316661310.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W2051951526","https://openalex.org/W2073196023","https://openalex.org/W2119478661","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2938113616","https://openalex.org/W2942706550","https://openalex.org/W3039758053","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3145258291","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4213288133","https://openalex.org/W4220777603","https://openalex.org/W4220978974","https://openalex.org/W4223467657","https://openalex.org/W4280541535","https://openalex.org/W4285196564","https://openalex.org/W4288388736","https://openalex.org/W4366147759","https://openalex.org/W4384917080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753223082","https://openalex.org/W3025119703","https://openalex.org/W2347757802","https://openalex.org/W600655143","https://openalex.org/W4248792787","https://openalex.org/W4385372470","https://openalex.org/W1559940255","https://openalex.org/W2373396576","https://openalex.org/W2978632086","https://openalex.org/W2073165547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171],"increasing":[1],"interest":[2],"of":[3,13,20,71,89,117,169,198],"fluid":[4,30,37],"antenna":[5,31,38],"systems":[6],"is":[7,80,149,179],"reinforced":[8],"by":[9,17],"an":[10,81],"unprecedented":[11],"way":[12],"achieving":[14],"multiple":[15,32,207],"access,":[16],"exploiting":[18],"moments":[19],"deep":[21,60,146],"fades":[22],"in":[23,48,63,185,190],"space.":[24],"This":[25,98],"phenomenon,":[26],"referred":[27],"to":[28,42,45,92,101,151,181],"as":[29],"access":[33,208],"(FAMA),":[34],"allows":[35],"the":[36,53,69,77,94,135,141,153,161,176],"at":[39,159],"each":[40,111],"user":[41,112],"be":[43],"switched":[44],"a":[46,59,64,86,103,114,166,194],"location":[47],"space":[49],"(i.e.,":[50],"port)":[51],"where":[52,110],"sum-interference":[54],"power":[55],"collectively":[56],"suffers":[57],"from":[58,193],"fade,":[61],"resulting":[62],"decent":[65],"signal":[66,73],"reception":[67],"without":[68],"need":[70],"complex":[72],"processing.":[74],"Nevertheless,":[75],"selecting":[76],"best":[78],"port":[79,105,118,137,200],"arduous":[82],"task,":[83],"which":[84],"requires":[85],"large":[87],"number":[88,116,168,197],"channel":[90,142],"observations":[91,119],"obtain":[93],"high":[95],"performance":[96],"gain.":[97],"letter":[99],"aims":[100],"devise":[102],"low-complexity":[104],"selection":[106],"scheme":[107,178],"for":[108,205],"FAMA":[109,124],"has":[113],"small":[115,167,196],"only.":[120],"We":[121],"assume":[122],"slow":[123],"(":[125],"<inline-formula":[126],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[127],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[128],"<tex-math":[129],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$s$":[130],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[131],"-FAMA)":[132],"so":[133],"that":[134,175],"selected":[136],"remains":[138],"unchanged":[139],"until":[140],"conditions":[143],"change.":[144],"A":[145],"learning":[147],"approach":[148],"proposed":[150,177],"infer":[152],"signal-to-interference":[154],"plus":[155],"noise":[156],"ratios":[157],"(SINR)":[158],"all":[160],"available":[162,199],"ports":[163],"given":[164],"only":[165],"observations.":[170],"simulation":[172],"results":[173],"exhibit":[174],"able":[180],"attain":[182],"significant":[183],"reductions":[184],"outage":[186],"probability,":[187],"and":[188],"improvements":[189],"multiplexing":[191],"gain,":[192],"relatively":[195],"observations,":[201],"showing":[202],"great":[203],"potential":[204],"future":[206],"technologies.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}