{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313044357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342","title":"On Design and Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Based Cognitive Routing for Autonomous Networks","display_name":"On Design and Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Based Cognitive Routing for Autonomous Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313044357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740877","display_name":"Yang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-5531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058509493","display_name":"Jianxue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087410095","display_name":"Jiawei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-8815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362109","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-6109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception and Computing Research Center, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100740877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79760148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"205","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656607627868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6760890483856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-based-routing","display_name":"Policy-based routing","score":0.6073439121246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.553503155708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-network","display_name":"Cognitive network","score":0.5417384505271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.5363467931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5183613896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.5103389620780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-sequenced-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","score":0.46062248945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4389505386352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35130107402801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.28409355878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26706308126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.06567886471748352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656607627868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6760890483856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.6073439121246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.553503155708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32542511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141225","display_name":"Cognitive network","level":4,"score":0.5417384505271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.5363467931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5183613896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.5103389620780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.46062248945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4389505386352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35130107402801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.28409355878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26706308126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.06567886471748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3211342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4155033872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2021112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","funder_display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111102056","https://openalex.org/W2471288191","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2971438806","https://openalex.org/W2990740617","https://openalex.org/W2994779073","https://openalex.org/W3019817166","https://openalex.org/W3033870971","https://openalex.org/W3088426862","https://openalex.org/W3103263926","https://openalex.org/W3126135128","https://openalex.org/W3134914251","https://openalex.org/W3187829000","https://openalex.org/W4235032983","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6752963931","https://openalex.org/W6791121195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156456579","https://openalex.org/W2336965019","https://openalex.org/W1966208750","https://openalex.org/W1561162933","https://openalex.org/W103514590","https://openalex.org/W1968523244","https://openalex.org/W2057388443","https://openalex.org/W2382823111","https://openalex.org/W2137084078","https://openalex.org/W2188021360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"routing":[1,40,48,105,131,136],"is":[2,34],"expected":[3],"to":[4,9,115],"be":[5],"a":[6,54],"key":[7],"technology":[8],"realize":[10],"intellectualized":[11],"operation":[12],"and":[13,31,60,85,137],"administration":[14],"for":[15,36],"autonomous":[16],"networks.":[17],"Meanwhile,":[18],"reinforcement":[19],"learning":[20,28],"(RL)":[21],"excels":[22],"especially":[23],"in":[24,140],"decision-making":[25],"tasks":[26],"by":[27,53],"from":[29],"trial":[30],"error,":[32],"which":[33],"promising":[35],"solving":[37],"various":[38],"cognitive":[39,47,77,104,121,130],"problems.":[41],"Nevertheless,":[42],"the":[43,70,89,95,99,113,117,138],"research":[44],"of":[45,56,75,102,119,142],"RL-based":[46,76,103,120,129,134],"has":[49],"been":[50],"severely":[51],"constrained":[52],"lack":[55],"general":[57,72],"problem":[58,73],"formulation":[59,74],"feasible":[61],"network":[62,92,146],"simulation":[63,93],"frameworks.":[64],"In":[65,79],"this":[66],"letter,":[67],"we":[68,87,108],"propose":[69],"first":[71,90],"routing.":[78,122],"addition,":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82],"OpenAI":[83],"Gym":[84],"ns-3,":[86],"implement":[88],"packet-level":[91],"framework,":[94],"RL4Net,":[96],"that":[97,126],"facilitates":[98],"rapid":[100],"prototyping":[101],"algorithms.":[106],"Finally,":[107],"conduct":[109],"extensive":[110],"experiments":[111],"with":[112],"RL4Net":[114],"evaluate":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"Numerical":[123],"results":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"our":[127],"proposed":[128],"effectively":[132],"outperforms":[133],"non-cognitive":[135],"OSPF":[139],"terms":[141],"minimizing":[143],"average":[144],"end-to-end":[145],"delay.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}