{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293733550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964","title":"Dual-Hop Hybrid IRS-Aided Outdoor-to-Indoor mmWave Communications","display_name":"Dual-Hop Hybrid IRS-Aided Outdoor-to-Indoor mmWave Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293733550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044813721","display_name":"Renjie Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-7216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renjie Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-7216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079422735","display_name":"Jiancun Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016344946","display_name":"Huixiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9883-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huixiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9883-2312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066411890","display_name":"Yimeng Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimeng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-0212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EIE, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729180","display_name":"Jinbo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6617-2373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164386","display_name":"Hebei Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/05k812a28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81771972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"2979","last_page":"2983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.775168776512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7667162418365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.647179126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5966333150863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5248392224311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5074040293693542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.47687703371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.4499078392982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.36594733595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29867374897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2960582375526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2357756495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14334091544151306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.775168776512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667162418365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.647179126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5966333150863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5248392224311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5074040293693542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47687703371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.4499078392982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.36594733595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29867374897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2960582375526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2357756495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14334091544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3202964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W3015594231","https://openalex.org/W3088767314","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3096401097","https://openalex.org/W3096723356","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3193286416","https://openalex.org/W3197026645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W4236087151","https://openalex.org/W4315783257","https://openalex.org/W4302353319","https://openalex.org/W2761543104","https://openalex.org/W2047743558","https://openalex.org/W4324118942","https://openalex.org/W2913057782","https://openalex.org/W2734993473","https://openalex.org/W2151484740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22],"this":[1,23,61,92],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,25,63,94,119],"design":[4,85],"a":[5,65,121],"dual-hop":[6],"hybrid":[7],"intelligent":[8],"reflecting":[9,39,43],"surface":[10],"(IRS)-aided":[11],"millimeter-wave":[12],"(mmWave)":[13],"system":[14],"with":[15],"one":[16,19],"passive":[17],"and":[18,50,81,103],"active":[20,52],"IRS.":[21],"system,":[24],"aim":[26],"to":[27,74],"maximize":[28],"the":[29,38,42,47,51,56,83,105,113,128,132],"user":[30],"received":[31],"signal-to-noise":[32],"ratio":[33],"(SNR)":[34],"by":[35],"jointly":[36],"optimizing":[37],"coefficients":[40],"of":[41],"elements":[44],"(REs)":[45],"at":[46,55],"cascaded":[48],"IRSs":[49],"beamforming":[53],"vector":[54],"base":[57],"station.":[58],"To":[59,90],"achieve":[60],"target,":[62],"formulate":[64],"nonlinear":[66],"fractional":[67],"programming":[68],"problem.":[69],"However,":[70],"it":[71,78],"is":[72,79],"difficult":[73],"be":[75],"solved.":[76],"Since":[77],"non-convex":[80],"all":[82,96],"three":[84,109,114],"variables":[86,97],"are":[87],"deeply":[88],"coupled.":[89],"address":[91],"problem,":[93],"decouple":[95],"using":[98],"an":[99],"alternating":[100],"optimization":[101],"method":[102],"divide":[104],"original":[106],"problem":[107],"into":[108],"sub-problems.":[110],"By":[111],"solving":[112],"sub-problems":[115],"iteratively":[116],"until":[117],"convergence,":[118],"obtain":[120],"sub-optimal":[122],"solution.":[123],"Simulation":[124],"results":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127],"proposed":[129],"scheme":[130],"outperforms":[131],"traditional":[133],"schemes.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
