{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289822535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324","title":"Robust Beamforming and Power Allocation for Secure Communication in Systems With Imperfect Channel and Hardware Impairments","display_name":"Robust Beamforming and Power Allocation for Secure Communication in Systems With Imperfect Channel and Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289822535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088673222","display_name":"Yun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-565X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167317","display_name":"Qiannan Normal College For Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/05szpc322","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","School of Physics and Electronics, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-565X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103761466","display_name":"Guoping Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003615922","display_name":"Hongbo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-5290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102526250","display_name":"Yinshuan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3716-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167317","display_name":"Qiannan Normal College For Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/05szpc322","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinshuan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronics, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronics, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028962492","display_name":"Xue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1080-012X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643432","display_name":"Ruijie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-0056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55319857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"2277","last_page":"2281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8515037894248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7230482697486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6655803918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.597149133682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5645369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5617431402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.534204363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5109190344810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4719219207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.46437540650367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4375922977924347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.41883015632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3209304213523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.306522399187088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28886598348617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.18620994687080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16567429900169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.12609931826591492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8515037894248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7230482697486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6655803918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.597149133682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5645369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5617431402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.534204363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5109190344810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4719219207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.46437540650367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4375922977924347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.41883015632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3209304213523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.306522399187088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28886598348617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.18620994687080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16567429900169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.12609931826591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3195324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G382456357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCNU20TS008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8217633500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CXZZ105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323173","funder_display_name":"Central China Normal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323173","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512399877","https://openalex.org/W2068916891","https://openalex.org/W2338356968","https://openalex.org/W2567656745","https://openalex.org/W2911529145","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W3047029756","https://openalex.org/W3104968730","https://openalex.org/W3134105517","https://openalex.org/W3151040466","https://openalex.org/W3199708577","https://openalex.org/W4210788291","https://openalex.org/W4214923099","https://openalex.org/W4290996670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W2107199751","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W99756173","https://openalex.org/W4300441478","https://openalex.org/W2062965938","https://openalex.org/W4243812570","https://openalex.org/W2915026029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,10,26],"practice,":[1],"hardware":[2],"impairments":[3],"(HIs)":[4],"of":[5,92],"communication":[6,47],"systems":[7],"are":[8,96],"inevitable.":[9],"addition,":[11],"perfect":[12],"channel":[13,23,52],"state":[14],"information":[15],"(CSI)":[16],"is":[17,59],"difficult":[18,62],"to":[19,22,38,63,83,98,120],"get":[20],"due":[21],"estimation":[24],"errors.":[25],"this":[27,67],"letter,":[28],"we":[29,70],"design":[30],"the":[31,40,45,86,105,114],"power":[32],"allocation":[33],"strategy":[34],"(PAS)":[35],"at":[36],"transmitters":[37],"optimize":[39],"worst-case":[41],"secrecy":[42],"rate":[43],"for":[44],"wireless":[46],"system":[48],"with":[49],"both":[50],"norm-bounded":[51],"uncertainty":[53],"and":[54,61,78,108],"HIs.":[55],"The":[56,100],"proposed":[57,106],"problem":[58,88],"non-convex":[60,87],"solve.":[64,99],"To":[65],"solve":[66],"thorny":[68],"problem,":[69],"use":[71],"S-procedure,":[72],"conservative":[73],"approximation":[74,81],"(CA),":[75],"robust":[76,109],"beamforming,":[77],"sequential":[79],"convex":[80,93],"(SCA)":[82],"effectively":[84],"convert":[85],"into":[89],"a":[90,121],"series":[91],"problems":[94],"that":[95,104],"easy":[97],"numerical":[101],"results":[102],"demonstrate":[103],"PAS":[107],"beamforming":[110],"method":[111],"can":[112],"offset":[113],"performance":[115],"loss":[116],"caused":[117],"by":[118],"HIs":[119],"large":[122],"extent.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
