{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226177089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668","title":"3-D Antenna Array Structures for Millimeter Wave Multi-User Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoder Design: A Performance Comparison","display_name":"3-D Antenna Array Structures for Millimeter Wave Multi-User Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoder Design: A Performance Comparison","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226177089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053304580","display_name":"Mobeen Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mobeen Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-3953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021064781","display_name":"Asil Ko\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asil Koc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-0377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026464766","display_name":"Tho Le\u2010Ngoc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tho Le-Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87714835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"1393","last_page":"1397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7995742559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7747425436973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6803644895553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.665812611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.6600512266159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6526083946228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5130389928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48044392466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.47964268922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4735278785228729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4646128714084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.44243746995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4309016466140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4220188558101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3966107666492462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32527101039886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2112961709499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.19495147466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14634844660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13817259669303894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7995742559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7747425436973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6803644895553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.665812611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6600512266159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6526083946228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5130389928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48044392466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.47964268922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4735278785228729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4646128714084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.44243746995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4309016466140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4220188558101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3966107666492462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32527101039886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2112961709499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19495147466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14634844660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13817259669303894}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2022.3163668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W2015959396","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2171066806","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2886574585","https://openalex.org/W2915324925","https://openalex.org/W2922452766","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W3021261488","https://openalex.org/W3125083873","https://openalex.org/W3134833348","https://openalex.org/W3187132557","https://openalex.org/W3190182925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2216248654","https://openalex.org/W4385649691","https://openalex.org/W1624127656","https://openalex.org/W4381195711","https://openalex.org/W2140056236","https://openalex.org/W1578560935","https://openalex.org/W2781956563","https://openalex.org/W1982151194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,14,55,97],"performance":[6],"of":[7,16,46],"various":[8],"three-dimensional":[9],"(3D)":[10],"array":[11,80],"structures":[12,81],"in":[13,73],"design":[15],"hybrid":[17],"precoder":[18],"(HP)":[19],"for":[20],"millimeter":[21],"wave":[22],"(mmWave)":[23],"multi-user":[24],"massive":[25],"multiple-input":[26],"multiple-output":[27],"(MU-mMIMO)":[28],"systems.":[29],"The":[30],"proposed":[31],"HP":[32],"scheme":[33],"involves":[34],"two":[35],"stages:":[36],"(i)":[37],"RF":[38],"beamforming":[39],"based":[40,53],"on":[41,54],"singular":[42],"value":[43],"decomposition":[44],"(SVD)":[45],"channel":[47,59],"matrix,":[48],"and":[49,86],"baseband":[50,58],"MU":[51],"precoding":[52],"instantaneous":[56],"effective":[57],"to":[60,75],"mitigate":[61],"MU-interference":[62],"by":[63],"a":[64],"regularized":[65],"zero-forcing":[66],"(RZF)":[67],"technique.":[68],"Illustrative":[69],"results":[70],"show":[71],"that,":[72],"comparison":[74],"two-dimensional":[76],"(2D)":[77],"arrays,":[78],"3D":[79],"can":[82],"provide":[83],"high":[84],"spectral":[85],"energy":[87],"efficiencies":[88],"as":[89,91],"well":[90],"non-varying":[92],"achievable":[93],"rate":[94],"independent":[95],"from":[96],"user":[98],"angular":[99],"location.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
