{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210678247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","title":"Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Phase Shift Feedback Compression for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Wireless Systems","display_name":"Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Phase Shift Feedback Compression for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Wireless Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210678247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","mag":"3210678247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.12348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014680490","display_name":"Xianhua Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianhua Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-4077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407433","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-1852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-1852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060060834","display_name":"Yongjun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3588-0461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3588-0461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832415","display_name":"Ying\u2010Chang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Chang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87277682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7200409770011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5776961445808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5434536933898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5386962294578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5382553935050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5139071941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.470032662153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.4566251039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.42917728424072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.4168103337287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3827475905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3668974041938782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3424068093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2783665657043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26977983117103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2488468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.23041221499443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12526419758796692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200409770011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5776961445808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5434536933898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5386962294578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5382553935050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5139071941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.470032662153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.4566251039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.42917728424072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.4168103337287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3827475905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3668974041938782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3424068093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2783665657043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26977983117103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2488468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.23041221499443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12526419758796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3123941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.12348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.12348","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.12348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.12348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.12348","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.12348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2677711770","display_name":"\u8fb9\u7f18\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u534f\u540c\u673a\u7406\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5306106478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2113271807","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2901240584","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3003689553","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3031701267","https://openalex.org/W3081249107","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3119680904","https://openalex.org/W3152547752","https://openalex.org/W3168165246","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3188052435","https://openalex.org/W3194299952","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6796731535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4297051394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,58,124,155],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"intelligent":[3],"reflecting":[4,36,114,122],"surface":[5],"(IRS)":[6],"has":[7],"emerged":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,99,110,135,176,187,192,228],"promising":[11],"technology":[12],"for":[13,54,109],"6G":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,31,50,67,84,126,157,185,206],"its":[17],"potential/ability":[18],"significantly":[20,238],"enhance":[21],"energy-":[22],"and":[23,41,79,149,164,174,201,231],"spectrum-efficiency.":[24],"To":[25],"this":[26,128,131],"end,":[27],"it":[28,182,202],"is":[29,65,93,143,183,203],"crucial":[30],"adjust":[32],"the":[33,39,44,52,60,71,85,90,106,117,141,146,152,159,169,197,214,219,224,234,240],"phases":[34],"of":[35,38,43,102,105,113,120,161,223],"elements":[37,115],"IRS,":[40,72],"most":[42],"research":[45],"works":[46,209],"focus":[47],"on":[48,145,151],"how":[49],"optimize/quantize":[51],"phase":[53,62],"different":[55],"optimization":[56],"objectives.":[57],"particular,":[59],"quantized":[61],"shift":[63],"(QPS)":[64],"assumed":[66],"be":[68,81],"available":[69,211],"at":[70,213],"which,":[73],"however,":[74],"does":[75],"not":[76],"always":[77],"hold":[78],"should":[80],"fed":[82],"back":[83],"IRS":[86,153],"in":[87,130,139,196],"practice.":[88],"Unfortunately,":[89],"feedback":[91,103,199,229],"channel":[92],"generally":[94],"bandwidth-limited,":[95],"which":[96,140],"cannot":[97],"support":[98],"huge":[100],"amount":[101],"overhead":[104],"QPS":[107,142,212,226],"particularly":[108],"large":[111],"number":[112],"and/or":[116],"quantization":[118],"level":[119],"each":[121],"element.":[123],"order":[125,156],"break":[127],"bottleneck,":[129],"letter,":[132],"we":[133,167],"propose":[134],"convolutional":[136],"autoencoder-based":[137],"scheme,":[138],"compressed":[144],"receiver":[147],"side":[148],"reconstructed":[150],"side.":[154],"solve":[158],"problems":[160],"mismatched":[162],"distribution":[163],"vanishing":[165],"gradient,":[166],"remove":[168],"batch":[170],"normalization":[171],"(BN)":[172],"layers":[173],"introduce":[175],"denoising":[177],"module.":[178],"By":[179],"doing":[180],"so,":[181],"possible":[184,205],"achieve":[186],"high":[188,220],"compression":[189,242],"ratio":[190],"with":[191],"reliable":[193],"reconstruction":[194,221],"accuracy":[195,222],"bandwidth-limited":[198],"channel,":[200,230],"also":[204],"accommodate":[207],"existing":[208,241],"assuming":[210],"IRS.":[215],"Simulation":[216],"results":[217],"confirm":[218],"feedback/compressed":[225],"through":[227],"show":[232],"that":[233],"proposed":[235],"scheme":[236],"can":[237],"outperform":[239],"algorithms.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}