{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202620893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing RIS-Assisted HD-FD Wireless Systems","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing RIS-Assisted HD-FD Wireless Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202620893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","mag":"3202620893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.04859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014372144","display_name":"Alice Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-4739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015972456","display_name":"Ibrahim Al-Nahhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-392X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Al-Nahhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-392X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009312675","display_name":"Telex M. N. Ngatched","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-9452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Telex M. N. Ngatched","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-9452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91285894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"12","first_page":"3893","last_page":"3897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8376444578170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7831157445907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6594306230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6379119157791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6322540044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4881954789161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46518248319625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.4460940957069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4421170651912689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41035401821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23543769121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16969913244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12206152081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11948347091674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08620181679725647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8376444578170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7831157445907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6594306230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6379119157791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6322540044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4881954789161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46518248319625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.4460940957069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4421170651912689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41035401821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23543769121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16969913244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12206152081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11948347091674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08620181679725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3117929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.04859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.04859","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.04859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.04859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.04859","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.04859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963504849","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3034225812","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3047031708","https://openalex.org/W3080475059","https://openalex.org/W3088210200","https://openalex.org/W3094186382","https://openalex.org/W3120206710","https://openalex.org/W3121645716","https://openalex.org/W3127184233","https://openalex.org/W3127287346","https://openalex.org/W3131925934","https://openalex.org/W3209861770","https://openalex.org/W6684921986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W3193749313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,26,30,37,41,56,70,76,80,99,103,110,123],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surface":[6],"(RIS)-assisted":[7],"multiple-input":[8],"single-output":[9],"(MISO)":[10],"wireless":[11],"system,":[12],"where":[13],"both":[14,84],"half-duplex":[15],"(HD)":[16],"and":[17,64,86,108],"full-duplex":[18],"(FD)":[19],"operating":[20,88],"modes":[21,89],"are":[22],"considered":[23],"together,":[24],"for":[25],"first":[27],"time":[28],"in":[29,83],"literature.":[31],"The":[32,61],"goal":[33],"is":[34,52],"to":[35,54,79,122],"maximize":[36],"rate":[38,77,112],"by":[39],"optimizing":[40],"RIS":[42],"phase":[43],"shifts.":[44],"A":[45],"novel":[46],"deep":[47],"reinforcement":[48],"learning":[49],"(DRL)":[50],"algorithm":[51,73],"proposed":[53,71],"solve":[55],"formulated":[57],"non-convex":[58],"optimization":[59],"problem.":[60],"complexity":[62,101],"analysis":[63],"Monte":[65],"Carlo":[66],"simulations":[67],"illustrate":[68],"that":[69],"DRL":[72,125],"significantly":[74,97],"improves":[75,109],"compared":[78,121],"non-optimized":[81],"scenario":[82],"HD":[85,105],"FD":[87],"using":[90],"a":[91,114],"single":[92],"parameter":[93],"setting.":[94],"Besides,":[95],"it":[96],"reduces":[98],"computational":[100],"of":[102,117],"downlink":[104],"MISO":[106],"system":[107],"achievable":[111],"with":[113],"reduced":[115],"number":[116],"steps":[118],"per":[119],"episode":[120],"conventional":[124],"algorithm.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
