{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199367745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","title":"RWP+: A New Random Waypoint Model for High-Speed Mobility","display_name":"RWP+: A New Random Waypoint Model for High-Speed Mobility","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199367745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","mag":"3199367745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012343901","display_name":"Hussein A. Ammar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-3473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hussein A. Ammar","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070888504","display_name":"Raviraj Adve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raviraj Adve","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049043069","display_name":"Shahram Shahbazpanahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-5481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahram Shahbazpanahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, ComputerSoftware Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada","The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, ComputerSoftware Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037720618","display_name":"Gary Boudreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-9624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Boudreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072892579","display_name":"K. V. Srinivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-4262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kothapalli Venkata Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012343901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79466958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"11","first_page":"3748","last_page":"3752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waypoint","display_name":"Waypoint","score":0.9401292204856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.8358515501022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6913349628448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-normal-distribution","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","score":0.660674512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.5161195993423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4434276521205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4316616356372833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32026299834251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2570319175720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24267923831939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.19061335921287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10552459955215454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781271823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138081","display_name":"Waypoint","level":2,"score":0.9401292204856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.8358515501022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6913349628448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151620405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826116","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.660674512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.5161195993423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4434276521205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4316616356372833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32026299834251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2570319175720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24267923831939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.19061335921287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10552459955215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3111530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136341096","https://openalex.org/W1497754119","https://openalex.org/W1968560005","https://openalex.org/W1973938593","https://openalex.org/W2084175025","https://openalex.org/W2133520751","https://openalex.org/W2157457404","https://openalex.org/W2943017603","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W6794273036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060478183","https://openalex.org/W2118211892","https://openalex.org/W2107936587","https://openalex.org/W2160605608","https://openalex.org/W177969056","https://openalex.org/W1975960530","https://openalex.org/W2370310189","https://openalex.org/W952332464","https://openalex.org/W2085419762","https://openalex.org/W2390367418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,42],"emulate":[4],"real-world":[5],"statistics":[6],"for":[7,87],"mobility":[8,94],"patterns":[9],"on":[10],"road":[11],"systems.":[12],"We":[13,31],"then":[14],"propose":[15],"modifications":[16],"to":[17,26,80],"the":[18,21,33,45,48,63,81,85,107],"assumptions":[19,82],"of":[20,47,72],"random":[22],"waypoint":[23],"(RWP)":[24],"model":[25,34],"better":[27,101],"represent":[28],"high-mobility":[29],"profiles.":[30],"call":[32],"under":[35],"our":[36,91],"new":[37],"framework":[38],"as":[39,97],"RWP+.":[40],"Specifically,":[41],"show":[43],"that":[44,62,100],"lengths":[46],"transitions":[49],"which":[50],"constitute":[51],"a":[52,58,69],"trip,":[53],"are":[54,65],"best":[55,66],"represented":[56],"by":[57,68],"lognormal":[59],"distribution,":[60],"and":[61],"velocities":[64],"described":[67],"linear":[70],"combination":[71],"normal":[73],"distributions":[74],"with":[75],"different":[76],"mean":[77],"values.":[78],"Compared":[79],"used":[83],"in":[84],"literature":[86],"mobile":[88],"cellular":[89],"networks,":[90],"modeling":[92],"provides":[93],"metrics,":[95],"such":[96],"handoff":[98],"rates,":[99],"characterize":[102],"actual":[103],"emulated":[104],"trips":[105],"from":[106],"collected":[108],"statistics.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}