{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196927915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","title":"Rain Attenuation Prediction Model for Terrestrial Links Using Gaussian Process Regression","display_name":"Rain Attenuation Prediction Model for Terrestrial Links Using Gaussian Process Regression","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196927915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","mag":"3196927915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068890435","display_name":"Ki Joung Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158432","display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04n7py080","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158432"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Joung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-7025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158432","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048735795","display_name":"Young Keun Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-1432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngkeun Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-1432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698868","display_name":"Junseok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-2298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junseok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-2298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765978","display_name":"Jong Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Ho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio & Satellite Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070746145","display_name":"Ganguk Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7727-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158432","display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04n7py080","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158432"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganguk Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7727-9028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158432","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71558595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"11","first_page":"3719","last_page":"3723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.874564528465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6539442539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.6057081818580627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.6053603291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47573399543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4646309018135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.4374024271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43489202857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation-model","display_name":"Radio propagation model","score":0.43177416920661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.4192308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3850593864917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36281996965408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29060423374176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.264807790517807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20324310660362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11641904711723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09607812762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07981345057487488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.874564528465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6539442539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.6057081818580627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.6053603291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47573399543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4646309018135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.4374024271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43489202857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76843793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation model","level":3,"score":0.43177416920661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.4192308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3850593864917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36281996965408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29060423374176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.264807790517807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20324310660362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11641904711723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09607812762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07981345057487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3109619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7896000482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G981443286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A5A1028324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1964761095","https://openalex.org/W2036836389","https://openalex.org/W2129869373","https://openalex.org/W2153596831","https://openalex.org/W2893995718","https://openalex.org/W2963190151","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965427831","https://openalex.org/W2972144449","https://openalex.org/W2980451875","https://openalex.org/W2997757191","https://openalex.org/W3010749449","https://openalex.org/W3016419489","https://openalex.org/W3082949772","https://openalex.org/W3128247709","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6679262826","https://openalex.org/W6755463424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063381173","https://openalex.org/W2318821300","https://openalex.org/W4366151956","https://openalex.org/W2572767737","https://openalex.org/W2083556912","https://openalex.org/W4312290701","https://openalex.org/W46187512","https://openalex.org/W3046974058","https://openalex.org/W3196927915","https://openalex.org/W2155507884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rainfall":[0],"is":[1,72],"considered":[2],"as":[3,74],"one":[4],"of":[5,85],"the":[6,30,61,64,69,75,83,90,102,108,116],"most":[7],"crucial":[8],"atmospheric":[9],"elements":[10],"that":[11,115],"cause":[12],"attenuation":[13,35,47,88],"in":[14,18,78,98],"signal":[15],"propagation,":[16],"especially":[17],"high-frequency":[19],"range":[20],"for":[21,50],"fifth-generation":[22],"(5G)":[23],"and":[24,36,80],"beyond":[25],"wireless":[26],"networks.":[27],"To":[28],"unveil":[29],"complex":[31],"relationships":[32],"between":[33],"rain":[34,46,87],"other":[37],"factors":[38],"including":[39],"rainfall":[40],"rate,":[41],"we":[42,93],"propose":[43],"a":[44,95],"new":[45],"prediction":[48,121],"model":[49,63,92,118],"terrestrial":[51],"line-of-sight":[52],"(LoS)":[53],"propagation":[54],"using":[55],"Gaussian":[56],"Process":[57],"Regression":[58],"(GPR).":[59],"In":[60],"proposed":[62,117],"Recommendation":[65],"ITU-R":[66,70,91,103,109],"P.530":[67],"(called":[68],"model)":[71],"used":[73],"mean":[76],"function":[77,97],"GPR,":[79],"to":[81],"capture":[82],"deviation":[84],"measured":[86],"from":[89,101],"develop":[94],"latent":[96],"GPR":[99],"motivated":[100],"model.":[104],"We":[105],"validate":[106],"with":[107],"study":[110],"group":[111],"3":[112],"databank":[113],"(DBSG3)":[114],"provides":[119],"high":[120],"accuracy.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}