{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194973558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","title":"Real-Time Passive Localization of TDOA via Neural Networks","display_name":"Real-Time Passive Localization of TDOA via Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194973558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","mag":"3194973558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023019996","display_name":"Zewen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zewen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002712136","display_name":"Dexiu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexiu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-6489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108197618","display_name":"Yongjun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075480266","display_name":"Zhaocheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700532","display_name":"Zhixin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-6619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Military Sciences, Institute of Systems Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-6619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Military Sciences, Institute of Systems Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84849752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"10","first_page":"3320","last_page":"3324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9693014025688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885926961898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.779862642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6600884795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4705871641635895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45505291223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.43433570861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43121692538261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3835889995098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16821175813674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13778570294380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11083471775054932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9693014025688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885926961898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.779862642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6600884795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4705871641635895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45505291223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43433570861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43121692538261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3835889995098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16821175813674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13778570294380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11083471775054932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3097065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8529811319","display_name":"\u65cb\u8f6c\u57fa\u7ebf\u9ad8\u52a8\u6001\u65e0\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970136595","https://openalex.org/W2005452565","https://openalex.org/W2018079926","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2104264645","https://openalex.org/W2131329059","https://openalex.org/W2133165430","https://openalex.org/W2134060757","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2141833981","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2154886241","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2157738322","https://openalex.org/W2189750608","https://openalex.org/W2225690030","https://openalex.org/W2533803066","https://openalex.org/W2747917707","https://openalex.org/W2773254562","https://openalex.org/W2803754083","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2987274130","https://openalex.org/W2992616689","https://openalex.org/W3001672475","https://openalex.org/W3009071884","https://openalex.org/W3022352151","https://openalex.org/W3047462019","https://openalex.org/W3146803896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066348132","https://openalex.org/W3100472506","https://openalex.org/W1969144673","https://openalex.org/W2117730682","https://openalex.org/W2932879926","https://openalex.org/W2215124457","https://openalex.org/W3094266166","https://openalex.org/W2372243622","https://openalex.org/W2123592012","https://openalex.org/W1995669723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"the":[3,10,21,45,49,70,92,96,123],"use":[4],"of":[5,17,23,44,95,107,118],"neural":[6,71],"networks":[7],"to":[8,69,74],"realize":[9],"passive":[11],"localization":[12,35,93],"by":[13,85],"signal":[14],"time":[15,56,120],"difference":[16,57],"arrival":[18],"(TDOA).":[19],"In":[20,40],"face":[22],"multiple":[24],"complex":[25],"targets":[26,47,81],"with":[27],"radiation":[28],"sources":[29],"in":[30],"a":[31,76],"specific":[32],"area,":[33],"real-time":[34,129],"is":[36,58,89,98,103],"an":[37],"urgent":[38],"problem.":[39],"this":[41,86],"letter,":[42],"positions":[43],"known":[46],"from":[48],"prior":[50],"data":[51,65],"are":[52],"obtained":[53],"and":[54,67,100],"their":[55],"calculated,":[59],"which":[60],"will":[61],"be":[62,83],"connected":[63],"as":[64],"pairs":[66],"input":[68],"network":[72,125],"trained":[73],"obtain":[75],"corresponding":[77],"model.":[78],"Subsequently,":[79],"unknown":[80],"can":[82,127],"localized":[84],"network.":[87],"It":[88],"verified":[90],"that":[91,106,115],"accuracy":[94],"algorithm":[97],"reliable":[99],"its":[101],"robustness":[102],"higher":[104],"than":[105],"traditional":[108],"algorithms.":[109],"The":[110],"proposed":[111],"method":[112],"also":[113],"shows":[114],"great":[116],"reduction":[117],"operation":[119],"depending":[121],"on":[122],"previous":[124],"training":[126],"complete":[128],"goals.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}