{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134021994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in 6G: Reflective, Transmissive, or Both?","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in 6G: Reflective, Transmissive, or Both?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134021994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","mag":"3134021994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012112103","display_name":"Shuhao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-6702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-6702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440579","display_name":"Hongliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025572015","display_name":"Boya Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078680165","display_name":"Yunhua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012574","display_name":"Lingyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99166414,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"2063","last_page":"2067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7305521965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.6930409669876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6928989291191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6869679689407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5556417107582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.549355685710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5214880704879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.49565303325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4184107482433319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34148427844047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.324827641248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3210821747779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2027670443058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13170787692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0852784514427185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7305521965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6930409669876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6928989291191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6869679689407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5556417107582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.549355685710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5214880704879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.49565303325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4184107482433319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34148427844047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.324827641248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3210821747779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2027670443058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13170787692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0852784514427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3062615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1017353094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61829101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3113351901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1731424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4815701640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS- 1717454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4940453275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EARS-1839818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G721611289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1702850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7339862247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7711289246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7920959503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1908308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2322195224","https://openalex.org/W2805911466","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3008356568","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3089006580","https://openalex.org/W3092363222","https://openalex.org/W3100218246","https://openalex.org/W3103991536","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3130381884","https://openalex.org/W6787905450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"have":[4,29,78,102],"attracted":[5],"wide":[6],"interest":[7],"from":[8],"industry":[9],"and":[10,72,84,95,132],"academia":[11],"since":[12],"they":[13],"can":[14,38,57,121,136],"shape":[15],"the":[16,42,45,49,59,63,66,70,76,91,96,119,129,138],"wireless":[17],"environment":[18],"into":[19],"a":[20,79,110,142],"desirable":[21],"form":[22],"at":[23],"low":[24],"cost.":[25],"In":[26,107],"practice,":[27],"RISs":[28,77,101],"three":[30],"types":[31,99],"of":[32,48,69,82,100,124],"implementations:":[33],"1)":[34],"reflective,":[35],"where":[36,55,75,118],"signals":[37,56],"be":[39,122],"reflected":[40],"to":[41,61],"users":[43,64],"on":[44,65,90],"same":[46],"side":[47,68],"base":[50],"station":[51],"(BS),":[52],"2)":[53],"transmissive,":[54],"penetrate":[58],"RIS":[60,120],"serve":[62],"opposite":[67],"BS,":[71],"3)":[73],"hybrid,":[74],"dual":[80],"function":[81],"reflection":[83],"transmission.":[85],"Most":[86],"existing":[87],"works":[88],"focus":[89],"reflective":[92],"type":[93,135],"RISs,":[94],"other":[97],"two":[98],"not":[103],"been":[104],"well":[105],"investigated.":[106],"this":[108],"letter,":[109],"downlink":[111],"multi-user":[112],"RIS-assisted":[113],"communication":[114],"network":[115],"is":[116],"considered,":[117],"one":[123],"these":[125],"types.":[126],"We":[127],"derive":[128],"system":[130],"sum-rate,":[131],"discuss":[133],"which":[134],"yield":[137],"best":[139],"performance":[140],"under":[141],"specific":[143],"user":[144],"distribution.":[145],"Numerical":[146],"results":[147],"verify":[148],"our":[149],"analysis.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
