{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132623131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","title":"Beamforming Design in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Symbiotic Radio Backscatter Systems","display_name":"Beamforming Design in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Symbiotic Radio Backscatter Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132623131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","mag":"3132623131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101462298","display_name":"Tuo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-3357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082534206","display_name":"Miao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360328","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-1791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029717787","display_name":"Quanzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-2830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-2830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110380454","display_name":"Jiayin Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156464","display_name":"Anhui Xinhua University","ror":"https://ror.org/053d7x641","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156464"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I4210156464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93594619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"1949","last_page":"1953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7949391603469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7289448976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7105203866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.615979790687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5912361145019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5774043798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5305096507072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5049644112586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.483590304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4386724829673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4331642985343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4328978657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.36513739824295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35526448488235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34898197650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20218601822853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16138657927513123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7949391603469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7289448976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7105203866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.615979790687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5912361145019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5774043798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5305096507072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5049644112586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.483590304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4386724829673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4331642985343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4328978657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.36513739824295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35526448488235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34898197650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20218601822853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16138657927513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3060468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5553523582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M682612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6020474797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7839224366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B0303110016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032372805","https://openalex.org/W2051943016","https://openalex.org/W2052543119","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2343272313","https://openalex.org/W2512920678","https://openalex.org/W2516454286","https://openalex.org/W2560844389","https://openalex.org/W2621181593","https://openalex.org/W2891666821","https://openalex.org/W2911121781","https://openalex.org/W2914462121","https://openalex.org/W2914877864","https://openalex.org/W2921454476","https://openalex.org/W2936544238","https://openalex.org/W2940490332","https://openalex.org/W2945328302","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W2990865112","https://openalex.org/W3002841351","https://openalex.org/W3005599048","https://openalex.org/W3009957323","https://openalex.org/W3036361269","https://openalex.org/W3095631115","https://openalex.org/W3103286997","https://openalex.org/W3116119915","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6787881807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59120657","https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W4396525274","https://openalex.org/W3091795725","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W2139615693","https://openalex.org/W2384509413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Symbiotic":[0],"radio":[1,94],"(SR)":[2],"backscatter":[3,24,35,82],"is":[4,26,41,112,162],"a":[5,20],"possible":[6],"low-power":[7],"wireless":[8],"communication":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11],"future":[12],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,66,75,86,102],"Things":[15],"devices.":[16],"In":[17,78],"this":[18],"letter,":[19],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[21],"(MIMO)":[22],"SR":[23,81,88],"system":[25],"proposed,":[27],"where":[28],"the":[29,34,39,44,49,52,56,63,72,79,87,99,103,108,123,148,158,165],"secondary":[30,69,76,132],"multi-antenna":[31,46],"transmission":[32,47],"from":[33,48,97],"device":[36],"(BD)":[37],"to":[38,51,114,121,164],"receiver":[40],"riding":[42],"on":[43],"primary":[45,67,130],"transmitter":[50],"receiver.":[53],"We":[54],"investigate":[55],"beamforming":[57],"design":[58],"optimization":[59],"problem":[60],"which":[61,105,161],"maximizes":[62],"sum":[64,159],"capacity":[65,73,124,160],"and":[68,131],"transmissions":[70],"under":[71],"constraint":[74],"transmission.":[77],"MIMO":[80],"system,":[83],"each":[84],"antenna":[85],"BD":[89],"reflects":[90],"its":[91],"received":[92],"ambient":[93],"frequency":[95],"signals":[96],"all":[98],"transmitting":[100],"antennas":[101],"transmitter,":[104],"causes":[106],"that":[107,147],"globally":[109],"optimal":[110,142,155],"solution":[111,156],"difficult":[113],"obtain.":[115],"Here,":[116],"we":[117,134],"derive":[118],"an":[119,136],"algorithm":[120],"obtain":[122],"upper":[125,166],"bound.":[126,167],"Furthermore,":[127],"considering":[128],"both":[129],"transmissions,":[133],"propose":[135],"exact":[137,150],"penalty":[138,151],"method":[139,152],"based":[140,153],"locally":[141,154],"solution.":[143],"Simulation":[144],"results":[145],"display":[146],"proposed":[149],"achieves":[157],"close":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}