{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033578310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","title":"Analog Versus Hybrid Precoding for Multiuser Massive MIMO With Quantized CSI Feedback","display_name":"Analog Versus Hybrid Precoding for Multiuser Massive MIMO With Quantized CSI Feedback","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033578310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","mag":"3033578310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035625301","display_name":"Yaqiong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-617X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqiong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-617X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013867024","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040590707","display_name":"Jindan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-6478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-6478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022523766","display_name":"Kezhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kezhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-0800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76225247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"2319","last_page":"2323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.978581428527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.7895565032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7275380492210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6874912977218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5613956451416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5214790105819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5022022724151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4409360885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39405545592308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38594406843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3618341088294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34388378262519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2666841149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24115779995918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08467882871627808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.978581428527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.7895565032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7275380492210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6874912977218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5613956451416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5214790105819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5022022724151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4409360885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39405545592308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38594406843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3618341088294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34388378262519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2666841149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24115779995918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08467882871627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2999646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/663650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/663650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3059739768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4083670233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4378559457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7013566759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20190012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8882420975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999833500","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2102171442","https://openalex.org/W2116420503","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2259616623","https://openalex.org/W2525348130","https://openalex.org/W2580651785","https://openalex.org/W2805231505","https://openalex.org/W2922303123","https://openalex.org/W2963290381","https://openalex.org/W2963820164","https://openalex.org/W2991323752","https://openalex.org/W3099757519","https://openalex.org/W3100653025","https://openalex.org/W3103126557","https://openalex.org/W3144742626","https://openalex.org/W6772746851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W1979957996","https://openalex.org/W3141240674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,78],"study":[4],"the":[5,30,50,58,63,81,92,97,105],"performance":[6],"of":[7,41,94,99],"a":[8],"downlink":[9],"multiuser":[10],"massive":[11],"multiple-input":[12],"multiple-output":[13],"(MIMO)":[14],"system":[15,31],"with":[16,32,86],"sub-connected":[17],"structure":[18],"over":[19],"limited":[20],"feedback":[21,100],"channels.":[22,114],"Tight":[23],"rate":[24],"approximations":[25],"are":[26],"theoretically":[27,79],"analyzed":[28],"for":[29],"pure":[33,59],"analog":[34,43,60],"precoding":[35,46,61,65],"and":[36,44,77,96,112],"hybrid":[37,64],"precoding.":[38],"The":[39],"effect":[40],"quantized":[42],"digital":[45],"is":[47,55],"characterized":[48],"in":[49,83],"derived":[51,106],"expressions.":[52],"Furthermore,":[53],"it":[54],"revealed":[56],"that":[57],"outperforms":[62],"using":[66],"maximal-ratio":[67],"transmission":[68],"(MRT)":[69],"or":[70],"zero":[71],"forcing":[72],"(ZF)":[73],"under":[74],"certain":[75],"conditions,":[76],"characterize":[80],"conditions":[82],"closed":[84],"form":[85],"respect":[87],"to":[88],"signal-to-noise":[89],"ratio":[90],"(SNR),":[91],"number":[93,98],"users":[95],"bits.":[101],"Numerical":[102],"results":[103],"verify":[104],"conclusions":[107],"on":[108],"both":[109],"Rayleigh":[110],"channels":[111],"mmWave":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
