{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999869977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","title":"Real Time Implementation of CAP Modulation With \u201cBetter-Than-Nyquist\u201d Pulse Shaping in Visible Light Communications","display_name":"Real Time Implementation of CAP Modulation With \u201cBetter-Than-Nyquist\u201d Pulse Shaping in Visible Light Communications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999869977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","mag":"2999869977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10095166/1/IEEE_RT_CL.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009782931","display_name":"Paul Anthony Haigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7249-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Anthony Haigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communications Engineering Group, University College London, London, U.K","Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communications Engineering Group, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015945363","display_name":"Izzat Darwazeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-1319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izzat Darwazeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","[Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009782931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.695155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"840","last_page":"843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6989996433258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.6783610582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6662181615829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.632835865020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","score":0.6266919374465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.6256672739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-shaping","display_name":"Pulse shaping","score":0.5690059661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5205610394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.5108780264854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5100634694099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-rate","display_name":"Nyquist rate","score":0.5077927708625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.4940541088581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.481635719537735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.4577014446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.4527882933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.44488435983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.41394928097724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.35945945978164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.3344147205352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.29785633087158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2943152189254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21274098753929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.2092614769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.15668949484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13794094324111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.13483306765556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12364426255226135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6989996433258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.6783610582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6662181615829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.632835865020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C288623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","level":2,"score":0.6266919374465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.6256672739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.5690059661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5205610394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5108780264854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5100634694099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65914096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6273772","display_name":"Nyquist rate","level":4,"score":0.5077927708625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4940541088581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.481635719537735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4577014446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.4527882933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.44488435983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41394928097724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.35945945978164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3344147205352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.29785633087158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2943152189254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21274098753929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2092614769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.15668949484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13794094324111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.13483306765556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12364426255226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.2967043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10095166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10095166/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10095166/1/IEEE_RT_CL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters , 24  (4)   pp. 840-843.   (2020)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10095166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10095166/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10095166/1/IEEE_RT_CL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Communications Letters , 24  (4)   pp. 840-843.   (2020)      ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7533291044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P006280/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999869977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999869977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963526646","https://openalex.org/W1996604493","https://openalex.org/W2044899034","https://openalex.org/W2057358830","https://openalex.org/W2110774823","https://openalex.org/W2122288241","https://openalex.org/W2317147446","https://openalex.org/W2507987290","https://openalex.org/W2549507483","https://openalex.org/W2739049169","https://openalex.org/W2751197200","https://openalex.org/W2758924347","https://openalex.org/W2779825336","https://openalex.org/W2781685379","https://openalex.org/W2792235403","https://openalex.org/W2890292370","https://openalex.org/W2921389951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368043784","https://openalex.org/W2576230203","https://openalex.org/W3015557210","https://openalex.org/W2009568739","https://openalex.org/W2210983845","https://openalex.org/W2119667497","https://openalex.org/W1570358496","https://openalex.org/W2393783098","https://openalex.org/W2153002160","https://openalex.org/W2547040825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter":[2],"we":[3],"experimentally":[4],"verify":[5],"a":[6,25,41,98,114],"real-time":[7],"implementation":[8],"of":[9,24,81,92,116],"the":[10,22,76,82,89,93,109,120],"`better-than-Nyquist'":[11],"pulse":[12,52],"shape":[13],"in":[14,21,54,59,79,108],"carrier-less":[15],"amplitude":[16],"and":[17,43,112],"phase":[18],"(CAP)":[19],"modulation":[20],"context":[23],"visible":[26],"light":[27],"communications":[28],"system.":[29],"We":[30,95],"use":[31],"two":[32],"National":[33],"Instruments":[34],"universal":[35],"software":[36],"radio":[37],"peripherals":[38],"(USRPs)":[39],"as":[40,88],"transmitter":[42],"receiver":[44],"working":[45],"independently.":[46],"Previously":[47],"reported":[48],"experimental":[49],"work":[50],"on":[51],"shaping":[53],"CAP":[55],"is":[56,103,113],"also":[57],"verified":[58],"real":[60,99],"time,":[61],"showing":[62],"lower":[63],"error":[64],"vector":[65],"magnitudes":[66],"(EVM)":[67],"can":[68],"be":[69],"obtained":[70],"at":[71,119],"shorter":[72],"filter":[73],"lengths":[74],"using":[75],"better-than-Nyquist":[77],"pulses":[78],"place":[80],"conventionally":[83],"used":[84],"square-root":[85],"raised":[86],"cosine":[87],"basis":[90],"function":[91],"signal.":[94],"show":[96],"that":[97],"time":[100],"EVM":[101,107],"penalty":[102],"an":[104],"additional":[105],"3%":[106],"worst":[110],"case":[111],"result":[115],"synchronisation":[117],"offset":[118],"receiver.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}