{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998223418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","title":"Generalized Spatial Modulation With Multi-Index Modulation","display_name":"Generalized Spatial Modulation With Multi-Index Modulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998223418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","mag":"2998223418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416367","display_name":"Yiju Zhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiju Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007974313","display_name":"Fuchun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-1076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386539","display_name":"Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/0549ke970","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuchun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","South China Institute of Software Engineering, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Institute of Software Engineering, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4403386539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101416367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81841078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"585","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.616030752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5773573517799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.5577133297920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5550466179847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.5518126487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5316420793533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.5004556179046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4553050398826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44999799132347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44684308767318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4342504143714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.4209512770175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29999804496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.1979922354221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.14003756642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13455045223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09782019257545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08660849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.08463537693023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.0774025022983551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.616030752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5773573517799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5577133297920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5550466179847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.5518126487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5316420793533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.5004556179046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4553050398826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44999799132347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44684308767318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4342504143714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.4209512770175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29999804496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.1979922354221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.14003756642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13455045223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09782019257545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08660849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.08463537693023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0774025022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2963183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6341799097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018KQNCX390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327517","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327517","display_name":"Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W790038136","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W1994588011","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2526778046","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W2548991970","https://openalex.org/W3103746559","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W2384946145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,26],"letter,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,59,63,99,104,177],"novel":[6],"scheme":[7,175],"extending":[8],"index":[9,34,61,91,101],"dimension":[10],"with":[11,21,48,55,94,128],"two":[12,72],"distinct":[13],"signal":[14],"constellations,":[15],"named":[16],"as":[17,46],"generalized":[18],"spatial":[19,31,44,65,73],"modulation":[20,23,85,121],"multi-index":[22],"(GSM-MIM).":[24],"Through":[25],"scheme,":[27],"which":[28,77,114],"exploits":[29],"the":[30,43,49,56,95,110,135,143,150,152,159,173],"domain":[32],"and":[33,103,109,158,163],"domain,":[35],"more":[36],"extra":[37],"information":[38],"bits":[39],"are":[40,161],"transmitted":[41,64],"by":[42,70,80,117],"indexes":[45],"compared":[47],"traditional":[50],"GSM":[51],"system.":[52],"More":[53],"specifically,":[54],"aid":[57,96],"of":[58,76,97,106,113,131],"vector":[60,66,93,127],"bit,":[62],"(TSV)":[67],"is":[68,78,115,139],"derived":[69],"combining":[71],"vectors,":[74],"one":[75,112],"obtained":[79,116],"mapping":[81,118],"M-ary":[82],"pulse":[83],"amplitude":[84,120],"(M-PAM)":[86],"symbol":[87,123],"on":[88,124],"an":[89],"antenna":[90],"(AI)":[92],"both":[98],"key":[100],"bit":[102,154,180],"group":[105,130],"AI":[107,126,132],"bits,":[108],"other":[111,185],"L-quadrature":[119],"(L-QAM)":[122],"another":[125,129],"bits.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"modified":[136],"M-PAM":[137],"(M-MoPAM)":[138],"designed":[140],"for":[141],"increasing":[142],"squared":[144],"minimum":[145],"Euclidean":[146],"distance":[147],"(SMED)":[148],"between":[149],"TSVs,":[151],"average":[153],"error":[155,181],"probability":[156],"(ABEP)":[157],"SMED":[160],"provided":[162],"analyzed.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"using":[168],"Monte":[169],"Carlo":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"that":[172],"GSM-MIM":[174],"has":[176],"significantly":[178],"lower":[179],"ratio":[182],"(BER)":[183],"than":[184],"MIMO":[186],"schemes.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}