{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996941283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","title":"Double-Layered Random Coding for Secret Key Generation in Gaussian Wiretap Channels","display_name":"Double-Layered Random Coding for Secret Key Generation in Gaussian Wiretap Channels","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996941283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","mag":"2996941283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629748","display_name":"Ming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326013","display_name":"Jiahui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1444-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45611941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"264","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.76689612865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.698296070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.67357337474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6622941493988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converse","display_name":"Converse","score":0.5900589823722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.587327241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-network-coding","display_name":"Linear network coding","score":0.5806734561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theoretic-security","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","score":0.5765431523323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.5653200745582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5042446851730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49717357754707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49407127499580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4652368128299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.457914263010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43952417373657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.42936161160469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.4268777370452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3742210566997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2906557619571686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26942169666290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.13187956809997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08737877011299133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.76689612865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.698296070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67357337474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6622941493988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375963","display_name":"Converse","level":2,"score":0.5900589823722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.587327241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138293262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089578","display_name":"Linear network coding","level":3,"score":0.5806734561920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47191418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510462","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","level":3,"score":0.5765431523323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.5653200745582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5042446851730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49717357754707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49407127499580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4652368128299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.457914263010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43952417373657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.42936161160469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4268777370452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3742210566997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2906557619571686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26942169666290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.13187956809997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08737877011299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2961904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1010391471","https://openalex.org/W1540714528","https://openalex.org/W1973484881","https://openalex.org/W1996403876","https://openalex.org/W2029260873","https://openalex.org/W2143745050","https://openalex.org/W2145518237","https://openalex.org/W2160957142","https://openalex.org/W2162753156","https://openalex.org/W2328722604","https://openalex.org/W2575655212","https://openalex.org/W2903213524","https://openalex.org/W2964021047","https://openalex.org/W3098376129","https://openalex.org/W3103393854","https://openalex.org/W4300840296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079645406","https://openalex.org/W83545226","https://openalex.org/W397814502","https://openalex.org/W2005090527","https://openalex.org/W2741288029","https://openalex.org/W2183198227","https://openalex.org/W1538771458","https://openalex.org/W4312886068","https://openalex.org/W2367279059","https://openalex.org/W1582638358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,125],"the":[2,61,64,67,74,86,102,128,135],"existing":[3],"information-theoretic":[4,140],"secure":[5,49],"key":[6,44],"generation":[7,45],"schemes":[8],"have":[9,31],"characterized":[10],"maximum":[11],"achievable":[12],"secrecy":[13,16,103],"rate":[14,81,105],"or":[15],"capacity":[17],"over":[18,34,119],"noiseless":[19],"public":[20,121],"broadcast":[21],"channels.":[22,36,55,122],"However,":[23],"in":[24,52],"many":[25],"practical":[26],"systems":[27],"even":[28,59],"legitimate":[29],"nodes":[30],"to":[32,66,73,132],"communicate":[33],"noisy":[35,120],"In":[37],"this":[38],"letter,":[39],"we":[40,96],"propose":[41],"a":[42,79],"secret":[43,76],"scheme":[46,137],"based":[47],"on":[48,101],"network":[50],"coding":[51,112],"Gaussian":[53],"wiretap":[54],"We":[56],"prove":[57],"that":[58,72,134],"when":[60],"channel":[62],"from":[63],"sender":[65],"receiver":[68],"is":[69,82,93,130],"weaker":[70],"than":[71],"eavesdropper,":[75],"communication":[77],"at":[78],"positive":[80],"still":[83],"possible":[84],"if":[85],"condition":[87],"\u03c31<;":[88],"\u221a\u03c32/2":[89],"+":[90],"\u03c3":[91],"2/3":[92],"satisfied.":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"establish":[97],"an":[98],"upper":[99],"bound":[100],"leakage":[104],"after":[106],"privacy":[107],"amplification":[108],"using":[109],"double-layered":[110],"random":[111],"and":[113,117,127],"joint":[114],"typicality":[115],"encoding":[116],"decoding":[118],"The":[123],"proof":[124],"achievability":[126],"converse":[129],"given":[131],"demonstrate":[133],"proposed":[136],"can":[138],"achieve":[139],"security.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}