{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987480267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","title":"Broad Learning Based Hybrid Beamforming for Mm-Wave MIMO in Time-Varying Environments","display_name":"Broad Learning Based Hybrid Beamforming for Mm-Wave MIMO in Time-Varying Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987480267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","mag":"2987480267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014017132","display_name":"Yin Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-5350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297991670","display_name":"Southwest University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d996474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yin Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-5350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456848","display_name":"Zhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-9861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-9861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017154844","display_name":"Simon Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-3681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014017132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7267022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"358","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7345825433731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7249339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5710281133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5237733721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5211608409881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5056908130645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.45610859990119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.45375773310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.44488269090652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3800351619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3555604815483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2004334032535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18119940161705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09540605545043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08182340860366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07344114780426025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7345825433731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7249339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5710281133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5237733721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5211608409881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5056908130645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.45610859990119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.45375773310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.44488269090652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3800351619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3555604815483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2004334032535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18119940161705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09540605545043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08182340860366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07344114780426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2952072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G584858438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6262056264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2126638974","https://openalex.org/W2156718197","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2738226240","https://openalex.org/W2790223875","https://openalex.org/W2890126432","https://openalex.org/W2943928690","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W6675747103","https://openalex.org/W6682755970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,76],"promising":[5],"low-cost":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8],"large":[9],"millimeter":[10],"wave":[11],"MIMO":[12],"systems.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"letter,":[16],"with":[17],"regards":[18],"to":[19,48,62,89],"the":[20,40,50,64,91,94,104,107],"time-varying":[21],"propagation":[22],"environments,":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,45],"broad":[26],"learning":[27,47],"(BL),":[28],"we":[29,38,74],"propose":[30,75],"an":[31,58],"on-line":[32,59,78,86],"analog":[33,55,79],"beam":[34,56,80],"selection":[35,81],"method.":[36,109],"Specifically,":[37],"exploit":[39],"distinguished":[41],"ability":[42],"of":[43,53,106],"BL":[44],"incremental":[46],"track":[49],"changing":[51],"tendency":[52],"optimal":[54],"in":[57],"manner.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"avoid":[63],"time-consuming":[65],"target":[66],"calculation,":[67],"by":[68],"introducing":[69],"Laplacian":[70],"eigenmaps":[71],"into":[72],"BL,":[73],"semi-supervised":[77],"method":[82,96],"where":[83],"only":[84],"few":[85],"transmissions":[87],"need":[88],"calculate":[90],"target.":[92],"Hence,":[93],"proposed":[95,108],"can":[97],"be":[98],"conducted":[99],"efficiently.":[100],"Simulation":[101],"results":[102],"show":[103],"effectiveness":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}