{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975859583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","title":"Polarized Spatial Scattering Modulation","display_name":"Polarized Spatial Scattering Modulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975859583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","mag":"2975859583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411178","display_name":"Qingqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3864-538X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059938882","display_name":"Kyeong Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-8307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeong Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-8307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054729048","display_name":"Shengzhen Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhen Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033030877","display_name":"Lei Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-0626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628125","display_name":"Ling Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-3784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-3784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320402","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71308988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"2252","last_page":"2256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6683257818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.569446325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5692955255508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5385884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5245695114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4892113208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43715018033981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4253634810447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capon","display_name":"Capon","score":0.41473817825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4010239839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.364460289478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3164161145687103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22644081711769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.16113978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.15704038739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15371757745742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1271606683731079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6683257818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.569446325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5692955255508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5385884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5245695114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4892113208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43715018033981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4253634810447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778955098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594676","display_name":"Capon","level":3,"score":0.41473817825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4010239839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.364460289478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3164161145687103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22644081711769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.16113978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.15704038739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15371757745742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1271606683731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2943864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/404722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/404722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article (JA)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/302945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/302945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/307496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/307496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/368730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8850109/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5539851405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JR3RA268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098929637","https://openalex.org/W2111627033","https://openalex.org/W2159339877","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2336710304","https://openalex.org/W2567698587","https://openalex.org/W2594990926","https://openalex.org/W2613637551","https://openalex.org/W2735746665","https://openalex.org/W2801689992","https://openalex.org/W2810223892","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518591539","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W4323520865","https://openalex.org/W4323351275","https://openalex.org/W4323520696","https://openalex.org/W4323354078","https://openalex.org/W2028792010","https://openalex.org/W4323354284","https://openalex.org/W2803425745","https://openalex.org/W2055758240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"a":[3,65],"novel":[4],"polarized":[5],"spatial":[6,25,94],"scattering":[7,26,95],"modulation":[8,96],"(PSSM),":[9],"which":[10],"exploits":[11],"the":[12,18,24,32,38,40,56,68,80,88,92,104],"available":[13],"degree":[14],"of":[15,70,103],"freedom":[16],"in":[17,21,64,101],"polarization":[19],"domain":[20],"addition":[22],"to":[23,30,46],"and":[27,74,97],"signal":[28],"domains":[29],"increase":[31],"spectral":[33],"efficiency,":[34],"is":[35,44,62,82],"proposed.":[36],"At":[37],"receiver,":[39],"maximum":[41,98],"likelihood":[42],"algorithm":[43],"applied":[45],"detect":[47],"received":[48],"signals.":[49],"A":[50],"tight":[51],"union":[52],"upper":[53],"bound":[54,78],"on":[55,79],"average":[57],"bit":[58],"error":[59],"probability":[60],"(ABEP)":[61],"derived":[63],"closed-form.":[66],"For":[67],"sake":[69],"fast":[71],"system":[72],"evaluation":[73],"comparison,":[75],"an":[76],"asymptotic":[77],"ABEP":[81],"derived.":[83],"Numerical":[84],"results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"proposed":[89],"PSSM":[90],"outperforms":[91],"conventional":[93],"beamforming":[99],"systems":[100],"terms":[102],"ABEP.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}