{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972111082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","title":"A Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive Kalman Filter for Weak GNSS Signals Carrier Tracking","display_name":"A Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive Kalman Filter for Weak GNSS Signals Carrier Tracking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972111082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","mag":"2972111082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011981635","display_name":"Yan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044591893","display_name":"Qing Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-4459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-4459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98260839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"2348","last_page":"2352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7639585733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.704095721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7020143866539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5196203589439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5185609459877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5169150829315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49758556485176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.4365054666996002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.43026143312454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.41534876823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4059716463088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3343765139579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1935998797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.18264979124069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15100380778312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11023858189582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09562540054321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.06147116422653198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7639585733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.704095721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7020143866539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5196203589439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5185609459877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5169150829315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49758556485176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.4365054666996002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.43026143312454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.41534876823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4059716463088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3343765139579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1935998797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.18264979124069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15100380778312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11023858189582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09562540054321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.06147116422653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2940006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3040584300","display_name":"\u9762\u5411GNSS\u661f\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984468587","https://openalex.org/W1985873700","https://openalex.org/W1986726082","https://openalex.org/W1990380746","https://openalex.org/W2006189908","https://openalex.org/W2048312361","https://openalex.org/W2097266998","https://openalex.org/W2124413189","https://openalex.org/W2134797712","https://openalex.org/W2143384455","https://openalex.org/W2144007809","https://openalex.org/W2147536780","https://openalex.org/W2156064084","https://openalex.org/W2590646111","https://openalex.org/W2634451211","https://openalex.org/W6674535176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W1573859018","https://openalex.org/W2900391131","https://openalex.org/W1657752397","https://openalex.org/W3185162478","https://openalex.org/W1633787648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,70,91,111],"tracking":[1,10,27,39,48,73,79,106,109,119,122,141,145],"performance":[2],"of":[3,87],"the":[4,14,26,30,38,55,67,77,84,88,98,116,129,134,139,143],"standard":[5,104],"Kalman":[6,44],"filter":[7,45],"(KF)-based":[8],"carrier":[9,47],"depends":[11],"heavily":[12],"on":[13],"potentially":[15],"insufficient":[16],"priori":[17],"noise":[18,59],"covariance.":[19],"inadequate":[21],"prior":[22],"knowledge":[23],"will":[24],"degrade":[25],"sensitivity":[28,123],"when":[29],"receiver":[31,100],"experiences":[32],"weak":[33,125],"signal":[34,126],"conditions.":[35,127],"To":[36],"improve":[37,83,121],"performance,":[40],"a":[41],"coarse-to-fine":[42],"adaptive":[43],"(AKF)":[46],"approach":[49],"is":[50,74],"proposed.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"method,":[54],"process":[56],"and":[57,101,107],"measurement":[58,68],"covariance":[60],"are":[61],"updated":[62],"in":[63,97],"real-time":[64],"according":[65],"to":[66],"information.":[69],"AKF-based":[71,118,140],"fine":[72],"initialized":[75],"by":[76],"coarse":[78,144],"results,":[80],"which":[81],"can":[82,120,132],"convergence":[85,135],"speed":[86],"AKF":[89],"tracking.":[90],"proposed":[92,117,130],"method":[93,131],"has":[94],"been":[95],"conducted":[96],"software":[99],"compared":[102,137],"with":[103,138],"KF-based":[105],"conventional":[108],"algorithms.":[110],"test":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"under":[124],"Moreover,":[128],"reduce":[133],"time":[136],"without":[142],"stage.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}