{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969964820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","title":"Deep Learning Based Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO With Mixed-Resolution ADCs","display_name":"Deep Learning Based Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO With Mixed-Resolution ADCs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969964820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","mag":"2969964820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101547129","display_name":"Shen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-498X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028880009","display_name":"Peihao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-0516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-0516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021942394","display_name":"Zhiwen Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-7264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039289964","display_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98374052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"1989","last_page":"1993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7355672717094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7102745771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6481668949127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5760226845741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5646862983703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5215132832527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5020582675933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4774532914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33458012342453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33301055431365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18098074197769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10451772809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09264856576919556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7355672717094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7102745771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6481668949127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5760226845741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5646862983703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5215132832527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5020582675933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4774532914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33458012342453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33301055431365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18098074197769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10451772809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09264856576919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2936393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5763146733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201706090065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560563382","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2070856809","https://openalex.org/W2262641688","https://openalex.org/W2564467643","https://openalex.org/W2597206177","https://openalex.org/W2605537711","https://openalex.org/W2735748257","https://openalex.org/W2789947301","https://openalex.org/W2886374543","https://openalex.org/W2890609471","https://openalex.org/W2892311579","https://openalex.org/W2936900179","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963415238","https://openalex.org/W2963783167","https://openalex.org/W2964121960","https://openalex.org/W3104166565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W2561058892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"deep":[3,43],"learning":[4],"is":[5,47,76],"applied":[6],"to":[7,50,90,100],"estimate":[8,51,101],"the":[9,38,55,63,67,80,84,92,108,111,117,126,129],"uplink":[10],"channels":[11,52,93],"for":[12],"mixed":[13,122],"analog-to-digital":[14],"converters":[15],"(ADCs)":[16],"massive":[17],"multiple-input":[18],"multiple-output":[19],"(MIMO)":[20],"systems,":[21],"where":[22,78],"a":[23,71],"portion":[24],"of":[25,58,66,94,110,128],"antennas":[26,87,96],"are":[27,88],"equipped":[28],"with":[29,121],"high-resolution":[30,85],"ADCs":[31],"while":[32],"others":[33],"employ":[34],"low-resolution":[35],"ones":[36],"at":[37],"base":[39],"station.":[40],"A":[41],"direct-input":[42],"neural":[44],"network":[45],"(DI-DNN)":[46],"first":[48],"proposed":[49,112,130],"by":[53,83],"using":[54],"received":[56,82],"signals":[57,81],"all":[59],"antennas.":[60],"To":[61],"eliminate":[62],"adverse":[64],"impact":[65],"coarsely":[68],"quantized":[69],"signals,":[70],"selective-input":[72],"prediction":[73],"DNN":[74,113],"(SIP-DNN)":[75],"developed,":[77],"only":[79],"ADC":[86,134],"exploited":[89],"predict":[91],"other":[95],"as":[97,99],"well":[98],"their":[102],"own":[103],"channels.":[104],"Numerical":[105],"results":[106],"show":[107],"superiority":[109],"based":[114],"approaches":[115,131],"over":[116],"existing":[118],"methods,":[119],"especially":[120],"one-bit":[123],"ADCs,":[124],"and":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"on":[132],"different":[133],"resolution":[135],"patterns.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}