{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956830196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","title":"Blind Signal PSK/QAM Recognition Using Clustering Analysis of Constellation Signature in Flat Fading Channel","display_name":"Blind Signal PSK/QAM Recognition Using Clustering Analysis of Constellation Signature in Flat Fading Channel","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956830196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","mag":"2956830196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048634550","display_name":"Gaurav Jajoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-8867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Jajoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-8867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101595195","display_name":"Yogesh Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-7334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011582677","display_name":"Sandeep Yadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Kumar Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-1134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048634550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94913371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"1853","last_page":"1856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9348999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12115","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6369556188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.635604202747345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.6197919845581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6112409830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6078404784202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5823727250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5533561110496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5494847893714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol-rate","display_name":"Symbol rate","score":0.5292788147926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.4621473252773285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.43386948108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4305214285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4232960045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37159663438796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3462222218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31124937534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.2682175636291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.2482486069202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23568806052207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.13249963521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09635570645332336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6369556188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.635604202747345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.6197919845581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6112409830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6078404784202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5823727250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5533561110496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5494847893714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74645175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428083","display_name":"Symbol rate","level":4,"score":0.5292788147926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.4621473252773285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.43386948108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4305214285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4232960045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37159663438796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3462222218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31124937534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2682175636291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.2482486069202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23568806052207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.13249963521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09635570645332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2929127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2048654658","https://openalex.org/W2142363115","https://openalex.org/W2168324450","https://openalex.org/W2420110223","https://openalex.org/W2514130777","https://openalex.org/W2613420585","https://openalex.org/W2737648313","https://openalex.org/W2744207893","https://openalex.org/W2790162610","https://openalex.org/W2906260611","https://openalex.org/W2913680020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2110234499","https://openalex.org/W2540911486","https://openalex.org/W3175192043","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W3147831239","https://openalex.org/W2371617615","https://openalex.org/W2010378487","https://openalex.org/W3080284048","https://openalex.org/W2380145154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"method":[2,27],"based":[3,91,130],"on":[4,92,131],"constellation":[5,84],"structure":[6,95],"is":[7,48,66,89],"proposed":[8,26,116],"to":[9,76,128],"identify":[10],"PSK":[11],"and":[12,21,35,41,68,74,122],"QAM":[13],"modulation":[14,110],"of":[15,53,57,83,96,107],"different":[16],"orders,":[17],"in":[18],"the":[19,51,54,58,71,77,93,108,115],"slow":[20],"flat":[22],"fading":[23],"channel.":[24],"The":[25,45,86,98],"does":[28],"not":[29],"require":[30],"training":[31],"for":[32,81,105],"threshold":[33],"optimization":[34],"considers":[36],"carrier":[37],"frequency,":[38],"symbol":[39,46,79],"rate,":[40],"phase":[42,56,87],"offset":[43,64,88],"unknown.":[44],"rate":[47,80],"estimated":[49,67,78],"using":[50,101],"spectrum":[52],"instantaneous":[55],"complex":[59],"baseband":[60],"signal.":[61],"Carrier":[62],"frequency":[63],"(CFO)":[65],"corrected":[69],"from":[70],"downconverted":[72],"signal":[73],"downsampled":[75],"extraction":[82],"points.":[85],"determined":[90],"symmetrical":[94],"constellation.":[97],"features":[99],"extracted":[100],"k-medoids":[102],"are":[103],"used":[104],"classification":[106],"final":[109],"scheme.":[111],"Results":[112],"show":[113],"that":[114],"algorithm":[117],"outperforms":[118],"some":[119],"existing":[120],"classifiers":[121],"offers":[123],"lower":[124],"computational":[125],"complexity":[126],"compared":[127],"algorithms":[129],"subtractive":[132],"clustering.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
