{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952685986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning With Discrete Normalized Advantage Functions for Resource Management in Network Slicing","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning With Discrete Normalized Advantage Functions for Resource Management in Network Slicing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952685986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","mag":"2952685986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340167","display_name":"Qi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-0079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110779029","display_name":"Yuxiu Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiu Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014842979","display_name":"Rongpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-5060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-5060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036831868","display_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626780","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98026951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"1337","last_page":"1341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8301006555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7860017418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.6363769769668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.6332213282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3857797682285309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3414555788040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3293852210044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16846513748168945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8301006555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7860017418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.6363769769668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.6332213282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3857797682285309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3414555788040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3293852210044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16846513748168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2922961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6610655391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G797825634","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u8fb9\u7f18\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61731002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048570986","https://openalex.org/W2087179032","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2165150801","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2173564293","https://openalex.org/W2201581102","https://openalex.org/W2215378786","https://openalex.org/W2290354866","https://openalex.org/W2468115901","https://openalex.org/W2602923095","https://openalex.org/W2744111766","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2900804979","https://openalex.org/W2914177182","https://openalex.org/W2950471160","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W2963477884","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W3044248843","https://openalex.org/W3104727908","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4302570325","https://openalex.org/W4394672593","https://openalex.org/W6684205842","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6687681856","https://openalex.org/W6696324988","https://openalex.org/W6759081853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742483371","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2166117066","https://openalex.org/W3087814763","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2136202932","https://openalex.org/W4376605461","https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W2361647908","https://openalex.org/W2952356279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"slicing":[1,37],"promises":[2],"to":[3,22,27,71,112,140,151],"provision":[4],"diversified":[5],"services":[6],"with":[7],"distinct":[8],"requirements":[9],"in":[10,35,58,74,128,146],"one":[11],"infrastructure.":[12],"Deep":[13],"reinforcement":[14],"learning":[15],"(e.g.,":[16],"deep":[17],"Q-learning,":[18],"DQL)":[19],"is":[20],"assumed":[21],"be":[23],"an":[24,100],"appropriate":[25],"algorithm":[26,111,137],"solve":[28],"the":[29,40,44,48,52,91,114,147,152,158,162],"demand-aware":[30],"interslice":[31],"resource":[32],"management":[33],"issue":[34],"network":[36],"by":[38,89],"regarding":[39],"varying":[41],"demands":[42],"and":[43,51,67,99,103],"allocated":[45],"bandwidth":[46,57],"as":[47,94,124],"environment":[49],"state":[50],"action,":[53],"respectively.":[54],"However,":[55],"allocating":[56],"a":[59,95,105,134,143],"finer":[60],"resolution":[61],"usually":[62],"implies":[63],"larger":[64],"action":[65,130,145],"space,":[66,131],"unfortunately":[68],"DQL":[69,139,164],"fails":[70],"quickly":[72,141],"converge":[73],"this":[75,78],"case.":[76],"In":[77],"letter,":[79],"we":[80,132,156],"introduce":[81],"discrete":[82,148],"normalized":[83],"advantage":[84,101],"functions":[85],"(DNAF)":[86],"into":[87,138],"DQL,":[88],"separating":[90],"Q-value":[92,118],"function":[93,97],"state-value":[96],"term":[98,102],"exploiting":[104],"deterministic":[106],"policy":[107],"gradient":[108],"descent":[109],"(DPGD)":[110],"avoid":[113],"unnecessary":[115],"calculation":[116],"of":[117,161],"for":[119],"every":[120],"stateaction":[121],"pair.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"DPGD":[125,153],"only":[126],"works":[127],"continuous":[129],"embed":[133],"k-nearest":[135],"neighbor":[136],"find":[142],"valid":[144],"space":[149],"nearest":[150],"output.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"verify":[157],"faster":[159],"convergence":[160],"DNAF-based":[163],"through":[165],"extensive":[166],"simulations.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
