{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914994308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","title":"Impact of Virtualization Technologies on Virtualized RAN Midhaul Latency Budget: A Quantitative Experimental Evaluation","display_name":"Impact of Virtualization Technologies on Virtualized RAN Midhaul Latency Budget: A Quantitative Experimental Evaluation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914994308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","mag":"2914994308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066716974","display_name":"F. Giannone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Giannone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-3258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023429190","display_name":"Koteswararao Kondepu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-1218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kondepu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-1218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015377997","display_name":"Himank Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7436-9682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7436-9682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042358597","display_name":"Federico Civerchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-5396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Civerchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-5396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085666131","display_name":"P. Castoldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Castoldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066865846","display_name":"A. Antony Franklin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Antony Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-2025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046281223","display_name":"Luca Valcarenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Valcarenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-5032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90605066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"604","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7307177782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6799130439758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6610304117202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6509462594985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5834344625473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.5422601699829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5339537858963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.46068480610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.44626256823539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.38735783100128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.24915918707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.19787472486495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.18648406863212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16571080684661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.12043878436088562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7307177782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6799130439758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6610304117202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6509462594985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5834344625473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.5422601699829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5339537858963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.46068480610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.44626256823539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.38735783100128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.24915918707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.19787472486495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.18648406863212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16571080684661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.12043878436088562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2899308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::961ff419b25205326141c45b71766099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/529932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/529932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::961ff419b25205326141c45b71766099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1312149285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2016-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4433124975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"761536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W806409524","https://openalex.org/W1503118200","https://openalex.org/W2092475564","https://openalex.org/W2565527742","https://openalex.org/W2774725450","https://openalex.org/W2787135633","https://openalex.org/W2792216461","https://openalex.org/W2963292105","https://openalex.org/W3103243695","https://openalex.org/W6629873189","https://openalex.org/W6748898797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W4287262510","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2902173727","https://openalex.org/W2885291556","https://openalex.org/W4205856738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,15,42,50,76,80,83,87,97,100,105,111,116,121,129,137,144,158],"next-generation":[2,16],"radio":[3,22],"access":[4],"network":[5],"(NG-RAN)":[6],"defined":[7],"by":[8],"3GPP":[9],"for":[10,120,128],"fifth-generation":[12],"mobile":[13],"communications,":[14],"NodeB":[17],"is":[18,52],"split":[19,102,151],"into":[20],"a":[21,25,30,54,134,148],"unit":[23,27,32],"(RU),":[24],"distributed":[26],"(DU),":[28],"and":[29,37,45,59,70,89,104],"central":[31],"(CU).":[33],"The":[34],"RU,":[35],"DU,":[36],"CU":[38,60],"are":[39,61,73,165],"connected":[40],"through":[41],"fronthaul":[43],"(RU-DU)":[44],"midhaul":[46,77,130],"(DU-CU)":[47],"segments.":[48],"If":[49],"RAN":[51,56],"also":[53],"virtualized":[55,145],"(VRAN),":[57],"DU":[58,88],"deployed":[62,109,155],"in":[63,95,110,157],"virtual":[64],"machines":[65],"or":[66],"containers.":[67],"Different":[68],"latency":[69,117,132],"jitter":[71],"requirements":[72],"demanded":[74],"on":[75],"according":[78],"to":[79],"distribution":[81],"of":[82,107,136],"protocol":[84],"functions":[85],"between":[86],"CU.":[90],"This":[91],"letter":[92],"shows":[93,142],"that":[94,143],"VRAN,":[96],"virtualization":[98],"technologies,":[99],"functional":[101],"option,":[103],"number":[106],"elements":[108],"same":[112,159],"computational":[113,160],"resource":[114],"affect":[115],"budget":[118],"available":[119],"midhaul.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"it":[124,141],"provides":[125],"an":[126],"expression":[127],"allowable":[131],"as":[133],"function":[135],"aforementioned":[138],"parameters.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"DUs":[146],"featuring":[147],"lower":[149],"layer":[150],"option":[152],"shall":[153],"be":[154],"not":[156],"resources,":[161],"where":[162],"other":[163],"vDUs":[164],"deployed.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
