{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894071523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","title":"CNN-Based LOS/NLOS Identification in 3-D Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"CNN-Based LOS/NLOS Identification in 3-D Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894071523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","mag":"2894071523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004232953","display_name":"Tianyi Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5644-1601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102146766","display_name":"Yongyu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongyu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665629","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-4301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039686935","display_name":"Mengshi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-4149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengshi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101796222","display_name":"Junyao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8437-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Theories and Technologies Laboratory, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004232953"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85363093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"2491","last_page":"2494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9777143001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7702277302742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7562553882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5471540689468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5420656204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4560217559337616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4466424882411957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.41167041659355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37127774953842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3245466351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2586694657802582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2554730176925659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9777143001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7702277302742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7562553882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5471540689468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5420656204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4560217559337616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4466424882411957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.41167041659355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37127774953842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3245466351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2586694657802582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2554730176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2872522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1977568884","https://openalex.org/W2019109342","https://openalex.org/W2032105991","https://openalex.org/W2072361942","https://openalex.org/W2166064468","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2802836807","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949847272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2358825988","https://openalex.org/W2893314552","https://openalex.org/W2126433025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32,66],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,45,70],"propose":[4],"to":[5,74],"identify":[6,79],"line-of-sight":[7],"(LOS)":[8],"and":[9,59,78,111],"non-line-of-sight":[10],"(NLOS)":[11],"conditions":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14,52],"a":[15,72,112],"convolutional":[16],"neural":[17],"network":[18],"(CNN)":[19],"in":[20,42,91],"urban":[21],"3-D":[22,84],"massive":[23,85],"MIMO":[24,86],"systems.":[25],"The":[26],"proposed":[27,104],"method":[28],"includes":[29],"two":[30],"parts.":[31],"the":[33,38,47,61,67,76,80,100,122],"first":[34],"part,":[35,69],"given":[36],"that":[37,96,120],"paths":[39],"spread":[40],"differently":[41],"time":[43],"domain,":[44],"combine":[46],"normalized":[48],"tap":[49,63],"energy":[50,64],"distribution":[51],"each":[53],"antenna":[54],"utilizing":[55],"sounding":[56],"reference":[57],"signals":[58],"construct":[60],"coordinated":[62],"matrix.":[65],"second":[68],"train":[71],"CNN":[73],"analyze":[75],"matrix":[77],"LOS/NLOS":[81],"conditions.":[82],"A":[83],"channel":[87,124],"model":[88],"is":[89,115],"considered":[90],"our":[92],"simulation.":[93],"Results":[94],"show":[95],"error":[97],"rates":[98],"of":[99],"worst":[101],"performance":[102],"using":[103],"identification":[105],"algorithm":[106],"are":[107],"lower":[108],"than":[109],"2.4%,":[110],"remarkable":[113],"improvement":[114],"achieved":[116],"compared":[117],"with":[118],"schemes":[119],"exploit":[121],"space-time-frequency":[123],"correlation":[125],"features.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}