{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806157717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","title":"Analysis of Frequency-Dependent Line-of-Sight Probability in 3-D Environment","display_name":"Analysis of Frequency-Dependent Line-of-Sight Probability in 3-D Environment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806157717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","mag":"2806157717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071296033","display_name":"Xiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-4985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086524620","display_name":"Jing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-1581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081291321","display_name":"Hongying Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-9570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongying Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78183458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"1732","last_page":"1735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6347051858901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.607932984828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.5257378816604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.5064486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.4412342309951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3748508393764496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3237128257751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2636479139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.227361798286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19929185509681702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6347051858901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.607932984828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.5257378816604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.5064486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.4412342309951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3748508393764496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3237128257751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2636479139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.227361798286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19929185509681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2842763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8605313393","display_name":"\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u5bc6\u96c6\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5206\u6790","funder_award_id":"61571303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2073252511","https://openalex.org/W2110784079","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2321461519","https://openalex.org/W2334895121","https://openalex.org/W2344813454","https://openalex.org/W2466359903","https://openalex.org/W2577263227","https://openalex.org/W2596951759","https://openalex.org/W2793889311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213267843","https://openalex.org/W3102213005","https://openalex.org/W2168519368","https://openalex.org/W2893341095","https://openalex.org/W2036854414","https://openalex.org/W2392327107","https://openalex.org/W2753355162","https://openalex.org/W3129080429","https://openalex.org/W1980528650","https://openalex.org/W1526257359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"mmWave":[1,25,49],"signals":[2],"are":[3],"sensitive":[4],"to":[5,23,56,70],"blockages,":[6],"prior":[7],"channel":[8],"models":[9,97],"including":[10],"the":[11,30,37,43,57,61,64,71,77,85,95,100],"LoS":[12,32,45,65,80],"probability":[13,33,46,66,81],"function":[14],"for":[15,60,103],"ultra-high":[16],"frequency":[17],"band":[18],"cannot":[19],"be":[20],"applied":[21],"directly":[22],"analyze":[24],"cellular":[26,50],"networks.":[27],"Compared":[28],"with":[29,84,94],"empirical":[31,96],"model":[34,47,82],"obtained":[35],"from":[36],"computationally":[38],"intensive":[39],"simulations":[40],"and":[41,90],"measurements,":[42],"theoretical":[44],"in":[48,99],"networks":[51],"still":[52],"remains":[53],"unclear.":[54],"According":[55],"Huygens-Fresnel":[58],"principle":[59],"wave":[62],"propagation,":[63],"is":[67,88],"closely":[68],"related":[69],"carrier":[72],"frequency.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"letter,":[76],"3-D":[78],"frequency-dependent":[79],"incorporated":[83],"Fresnel":[86],"zone":[87],"presented,":[89],"shows":[91],"good":[92],"agreement":[93],"adopted":[98],"3GPP":[101],"standard":[102],"various":[104],"scenarios.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}