{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803679315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","title":"Spatial Modulation in the Presence of I/Q Imbalance: Optimal Detector &amp; Performance Analysis","display_name":"Spatial Modulation in the Presence of I/Q Imbalance: Optimal Detector &amp; Performance Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803679315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","mag":"2803679315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041402925","display_name":"Ay\u015fe Elif Canbilen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-5703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayse E. Canbilen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-5703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069227115","display_name":"Malek Alsmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malek M. Alsmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-8002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088692076","display_name":"Salama Ikki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salama S. Ikki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-4447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103213888","display_name":"Seyfettin Sinan G\u00fcltek\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-9124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137996928","display_name":"Sel\u00e7uk University","ror":"https://ror.org/045hgzm75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137996928"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyfettin S. Gultekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Sel\u00e7uk University, Konya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Sel\u00e7uk University, Konya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137996928"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038466164","display_name":"\u0130brahim Devel\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-677X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87673952","display_name":"Erciyes University","ror":"https://ror.org/047g8vk19","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Develi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8805934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"1572","last_page":"1575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8040473461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-error-probability","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","score":0.7149884700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.6115908622741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5587002038955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5566655397415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5403002500534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5324472188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5226097702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.5075970888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49987006187438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.49487870931625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.45069557428359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.411962628364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39421144127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39413923025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34700143337249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18455582857131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.1391078531742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13456538319587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.12365168333053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1161920428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07933861017227173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8040473461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780839233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000284","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","level":4,"score":0.7149884700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6115908622741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5587002038955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5566655397415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5403002500534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5324472188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5226097702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.5075970888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49987006187438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.49487870931625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.45069557428359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.411962628364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39421144127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39413923025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34700143337249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18455582857131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.1391078531742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13456538319587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.12365168333053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1161920428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07933861017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2836448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/50870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/50870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1560575434","https://openalex.org/W2034998153","https://openalex.org/W2038325324","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2107589266","https://openalex.org/W2128145324","https://openalex.org/W2274841867","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2320703891","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2528890166","https://openalex.org/W2592328156","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W3104243754","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983368930","https://openalex.org/W2118324279","https://openalex.org/W4300503753","https://openalex.org/W4311461102","https://openalex.org/W2893616911","https://openalex.org/W2743966828","https://openalex.org/W2787594983","https://openalex.org/W2518783178","https://openalex.org/W3119873721","https://openalex.org/W2020573992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"modulation":[1],"(SM)":[2],"is":[3,32,41,54,78],"affected":[4],"by":[5,43],"the":[6,38,70,86,92,97],"impacts":[7],"of":[8,17,99],"in-phase":[9],"and":[10,37,46,62,85],"quadrature-phase":[11],"imbalance":[12],"(IQI),":[13],"which":[14],"cause":[15],"degradation":[16],"system":[18,39,94],"performance":[19,40,95],"in":[20,96],"practical":[21],"terms.":[22],"To":[23],"address":[24],"this":[25,51],"concern,":[26],"an":[27],"optimal":[28,52,71,88],"maximum":[29],"likelihood":[30],"detector":[31],"proposed":[33,87],"for":[34,69,82],"SM-based":[35,83],"transmission":[36,84],"analyzed":[42],"computer":[44],"simulations":[45],"analytical":[47],"derivations.":[48],"In":[49],"addition,":[50],"receiver":[53,89],"compared":[55],"with":[56],"a":[57,79],"non-optimal":[58],"receiver.":[59],"Specifically,":[60],"pairwise":[61],"average":[63],"bit":[64],"error":[65],"probabilities":[66],"are":[67],"derived":[68],"detector.":[72],"The":[73],"results":[74],"prove":[75],"that":[76],"IQI":[77],"critical":[80],"issue":[81],"significantly":[90],"enhances":[91],"SM":[93],"presence":[98],"IQI.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
