{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794428344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","title":"On the Estimation of Modulation Index for Binary Full Response CPM Signals","display_name":"On the Estimation of Modulation Index for Binary Full Response CPM Signals","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794428344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","mag":"2794428344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067179415","display_name":"Syed Asad Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-7760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Asad Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-7760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006459875","display_name":"Ihtisham Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihtisham Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103147952","display_name":"Sajid Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-5364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-5364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078865165","display_name":"Syed Ali Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-7377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-7377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65562802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"918","last_page":"921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7928131818771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6008209586143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5920307636260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4985475540161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.4963403344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-phase-modulation","display_name":"Continuous phase modulation","score":0.47775569558143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4700899124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4603457450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4288483262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36767685413360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3595336675643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2913229763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22616100311279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.1177348792552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09461107850074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07761114835739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07694676518440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.07363128662109375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7928131818771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6008209586143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5920307636260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4985475540161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.4963403344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C343090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165504","display_name":"Continuous phase modulation","level":2,"score":0.47775569558143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4700899124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4603457450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4288483262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36767685413360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3595336675643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2913229763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22616100311279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.1177348792552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09461107850074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07761114835739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07694676518440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.07363128662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2812793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1508022626","https://openalex.org/W1531863416","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2029150063","https://openalex.org/W2081305559","https://openalex.org/W2107889835","https://openalex.org/W2111855076","https://openalex.org/W2116071516","https://openalex.org/W2150808218","https://openalex.org/W2156077606","https://openalex.org/W2398603247","https://openalex.org/W2747366956","https://openalex.org/W2963837732","https://openalex.org/W6712706422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352428375","https://openalex.org/W2122656358","https://openalex.org/W2123843669","https://openalex.org/W2363948004","https://openalex.org/W2084806543","https://openalex.org/W2073153319","https://openalex.org/W2242959163","https://openalex.org/W2978977704","https://openalex.org/W1507424842","https://openalex.org/W2364031916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,13],"full":[4],"response":[5],"binary":[6],"continuous":[7],"phase":[8,93,110],"modulation":[9,15,24],"(CPM)":[10],"scheme":[11],"with":[12,108],"single":[14],"index.":[16],"Two":[17],"estimators":[18],"are":[19,104],"proposed":[20],"for":[21,90],"estimating":[22],"the":[23,27,37,46,50,54,58,76,91,97,101,126,139,142],"index":[25],"of":[26,39,45,49,75,118,128,141],"underlying":[28],"CPM":[29],"scheme.":[30],"The":[31,84],"first":[32],"estimator":[33,56,62,86,103,130],"is":[34,57,65,81,87,144],"based":[35,66],"on":[36,67],"method":[38,127],"moments":[40,129],"(MoM)":[41],"that":[42,125],"makes":[43],"use":[44],"auto-correlation":[47],"function":[48],"received":[51],"signal":[52],"whereas":[53,138],"second":[55],"best":[59],"linear":[60,70],"unbiased":[61],"(BLUE),":[63],"which":[64],"an":[68],"approximate":[69],"model.":[71],"A":[72],"closed-form":[73],"expression":[74,99],"modified":[77],"Cramer-Rao":[78],"bound":[79],"(MCRB)":[80],"also":[82],"derived.":[83],"MoM":[85],"developed":[88],"only":[89],"rectangular":[92],"shaping":[94,111],"functions,":[95],"while":[96],"MCRB":[98,147],"and":[100,121],"BLUE":[102,143],"applicable":[105],"to":[106,146],"signals":[107],"arbitrary":[109],"functions.":[112],"Numerical":[113],"performance":[114,140],"analysis":[115],"in":[116],"terms":[117],"mean-squared":[119],"error":[120],"bit-error":[122],"rate":[123],"shows":[124],"performs":[131],"better":[132],"at":[133,148],"low":[134],"signal-to-noise":[135],"ratio":[136],"(SNR),":[137],"close":[145],"high":[149],"SNR.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
