{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767491814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","title":"Artificial-Noise-Aided Zero-Forcing Synthesis Approach for Secure Multi-Beam Directional Modulation","display_name":"Artificial-Noise-Aided Zero-Forcing Synthesis Approach for Secure Multi-Beam Directional Modulation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767491814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","mag":"2767491814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101404073","display_name":"Tao Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694510","display_name":"Jiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-9680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021116","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-3644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH Satellite Center of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH Satellite Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101404073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96617142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"276","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.708091139793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7018599510192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.6597614884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6124221682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5668773651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5397665500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.4826977252960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4479055106639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4301499128341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.3789072036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3496624231338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.270704984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1830844283103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17835062742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09977304935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09230080246925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.06970500946044922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.708091139793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7018599510192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.6597614884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6124221682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5668773651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5397665500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4826977252960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4479055106639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4301499128341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.3789072036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3496624231338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.270704984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1830844283103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17835062742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09977304935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09230080246925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06970500946044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2772228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517417638","https://openalex.org/W1971370354","https://openalex.org/W1978572848","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2063678768","https://openalex.org/W2142143226","https://openalex.org/W2142280632","https://openalex.org/W2146761479","https://openalex.org/W2157419772","https://openalex.org/W2294085638","https://openalex.org/W2436620493","https://openalex.org/W2504171572","https://openalex.org/W2529048811","https://openalex.org/W2798909945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243517780","https://openalex.org/W4390240227","https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W2374132647","https://openalex.org/W2290997318","https://openalex.org/W4237311310","https://openalex.org/W4256489728","https://openalex.org/W2041235917","https://openalex.org/W2971500993","https://openalex.org/W2916400534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Great":[0],"attention":[1],"has":[2,26,52],"been":[3,53],"paid":[4],"to":[5,34,55,105,142],"wireless":[6,21],"communication":[7,22,61],"security":[8],"in":[9,37,45,59,144],"recent":[10],"years.":[11],"Directional":[12],"modulation":[13],"(DM)":[14],"is":[15,86,95,102,116,137],"one":[16],"of":[17,29,78,91,108,113],"the":[18,27,92,98,106,121,134],"promising":[19],"secure":[20,58],"techniques.":[23],"Multi-beam":[24],"DM":[25,51,70,115,131],"capability":[28],"sending":[30],"multiple":[31],"data":[32],"streams":[33],"cooperative":[35],"users":[36],"different":[38],"desired":[39],"directions":[40],"while":[41],"distorting":[42],"signal":[43],"constellations":[44],"all":[46],"other":[47],"directions.":[48],"Dynamic":[49],"multi-beam":[50,69,114,130],"proven":[54],"be":[56],"more":[57,138],"real":[60],"scenarios.":[62],"However,":[63],"previous":[64,127],"synthesis":[65,84,132],"approaches":[66],"for":[67],"dynamic":[68,111,129],"are":[71],"relatively":[72],"complex":[73],"and":[74,140],"demand":[75],"a":[76],"lot":[77],"computations.":[79],"Therefore,":[80],"an":[81],"artificial-noise-aided":[82],"zero-forcing":[83,99],"approach":[85,136],"proposed.":[87],"The":[88,110],"calculation":[89],"process":[90],"baseband-weighted":[93],"vector":[94],"simplified":[96],"using":[97],"method,":[100],"which":[101],"closely":[103],"related":[104],"concept":[107],"pseudo-inverse.":[109],"property":[112],"achieved":[117],"by":[118],"randomly":[119],"changing":[120],"artificial":[122],"noise":[123],"vector.":[124],"Compared":[125],"with":[126,147],"classical":[128],"approaches,":[133],"proposed":[135],"efficient":[139],"easier":[141],"implement":[143],"practical":[145],"systems":[146],"tolerable":[148],"performance":[149],"loss.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
