{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2759452058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","title":"Intelligent NLOS Backhaul for 5G Small Cells","display_name":"Intelligent NLOS Backhaul for 5G Small Cells","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2759452058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","mag":"2759452058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014495744","display_name":"Bessie Malila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bessie Malila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-5600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067337637","display_name":"Olabisi E. Falowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-4152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olabisi Falowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-4152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017376","display_name":"Neco Ventura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neco Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-0319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78742096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"189","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9717993140220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.9606970548629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7831618785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5197924375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5067961812019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46919700503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4414274990558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.434446781873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.41777291893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3842945694923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3576946258544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3468579649925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24487793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.19399040937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16520264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13901835680007935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9717993140220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.9606970548629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831618785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5197924375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5067961812019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46919700503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4414274990558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.434446781873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.41777291893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3842945694923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3576946258544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3468579649925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24487793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.19399040937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16520264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13901835680007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2754264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W952303279","https://openalex.org/W1489084120","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1926244710","https://openalex.org/W1944087071","https://openalex.org/W1984114931","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2128113536","https://openalex.org/W2254104976","https://openalex.org/W2364127524","https://openalex.org/W2434825837","https://openalex.org/W2506580607","https://openalex.org/W2515995409","https://openalex.org/W2562947506","https://openalex.org/W2964118826","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4381954380","https://openalex.org/W6718490072","https://openalex.org/W6730668360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759452058","https://openalex.org/W4306950403","https://openalex.org/W22721396","https://openalex.org/W2963347964","https://openalex.org/W2253573804","https://openalex.org/W4300167711","https://openalex.org/W2806700348","https://openalex.org/W1994455657","https://openalex.org/W2168752585","https://openalex.org/W4386214573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmW)":[2],"technologies":[3],"are":[4],"currently":[5],"being":[6],"proposed":[7],"as":[8],"backhaul":[9,45],"for":[10,35],"outdoor":[11],"urban":[12],"small":[13,43],"cells.":[14],"However,":[15],"non-line-of-sight":[16],"(NLOS)":[17],"operation":[18],"must":[19],"be":[20,25],"addressed":[21],"before":[22],"solutions":[23],"can":[24,64],"fully":[26],"realised.":[27],"This":[28],"letter":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,68,71,76],"reinforcement":[32],"learning":[33],"algorithm":[34,57],"improving":[36],"the":[37,56,59,89],"reliability":[38],"of":[39],"an":[40,81],"mmW":[41],"NLOS":[42],"cell":[44],"system":[46,96],"based":[47],"on":[48,67],"propagation":[49],"by":[50],"diffraction.":[51],"Simulation":[52],"results":[53],"show":[54],"that":[55],"achieves":[58],"desired":[60],"data":[61],"rate":[62],"and":[63,74],"detect":[65],"malfunctioning":[66],"path":[69],"within":[70],"predetermined":[72],"time,":[73],"make":[75],"decision":[77],"to":[78,80,94],"switch":[79],"alternative":[82],"path,":[83],"adjust":[84],"transmission":[85],"power,":[86],"or":[87],"change":[88],"operating":[90],"mode":[91],"in":[92],"order":[93],"improve":[95],"performance.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}