{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2523839362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","title":"Symbol-Based Belief Propagation Decoder for Multilevel Polar Coded Modulation","display_name":"Symbol-Based Belief Propagation Decoder for Multilevel Polar Coded Modulation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2523839362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","mag":"2523839362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080238574","display_name":"Qingshuang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-5553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingshuang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-5553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626353","display_name":"Aijun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-9424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428249","display_name":"Xiaofei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-9864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101672224","display_name":"Yingxian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-7511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82409124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6785006523132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5729824900627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5481057167053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5138845443725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.5085853338241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar","display_name":"Polar","score":0.46813496947288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4650932848453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.44304758310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.36408621072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35022279620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33773961663246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.21473580598831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19651448726654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11060035228729248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785006523132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5729824900627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5481057167053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5138845443725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.5085853338241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.46813496947288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4650932848453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.44304758310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.36408621072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35022279620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33773961663246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.21473580598831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19651448726654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11060035228729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2613980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522838630","https://openalex.org/W1985834029","https://openalex.org/W2023432637","https://openalex.org/W2056384400","https://openalex.org/W2098470405","https://openalex.org/W2100479399","https://openalex.org/W2134750166","https://openalex.org/W2135504463","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2162938069","https://openalex.org/W2163658715","https://openalex.org/W2167102618","https://openalex.org/W2273978823","https://openalex.org/W2403121992","https://openalex.org/W2963141623","https://openalex.org/W2963749252","https://openalex.org/W6631583761","https://openalex.org/W6660799654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307680413","https://openalex.org/W2963817320","https://openalex.org/W2493667298","https://openalex.org/W2101147641","https://openalex.org/W3080746295","https://openalex.org/W2511191118","https://openalex.org/W2356695932","https://openalex.org/W2521082822","https://openalex.org/W4312422976","https://openalex.org/W4317438041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"symbol-based":[3],"belief":[4],"propagation":[5],"decoder":[6,85],"is":[7,69],"proposed":[8,84],"for":[9,67,91],"multilevel":[10],"polar":[11,25],"coded":[12],"modulation":[13,94,96],"(MLPCM)":[14],"scheme.":[15],"Unlike":[16],"the":[17,35,43,51,56,73,81,88,99,111],"traditional":[18],"multi-stage":[19],"detection":[20],"(MSD)":[21],"strategy":[22,101],"by":[23,28],"decoding":[24,45,52,107],"codes":[26],"level":[27,29],"after":[30,42],"demapping,":[31],"we":[32],"directly":[33],"calculate":[34],"probabilities":[36],"of":[37,58,63,83,113],"symbols":[38],"and":[39,54,97],"do":[40],"demapping":[41],"symbol":[44],"process":[46],"so":[47],"as":[48],"to":[49],"decrease":[50],"delay":[53],"improve":[55],"performance":[57,82],"MLPCM.":[59],"The":[60],"lower":[61,106],"bound":[62,75,90],"frame":[64],"error":[65],"rate":[66],"MLPCM":[68],"also":[70],"estimated":[71,89],"using":[72],"union":[74],"technique.":[76],"Numerical":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"well":[86],"matches":[87],"pulse":[92],"amplitude":[93],"(PAM)":[95],"outperforms":[98],"MSD":[100],"about":[102],"0.5-1":[103],"dB":[104],"with":[105],"delay,":[108],"only":[109],"at":[110],"cost":[112],"some":[114],"additional":[115],"computational":[116],"complexity,":[117],"which":[118],"indicates":[119],"its":[120],"effectiveness.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
