{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2465899744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","title":"An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment","display_name":"An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2465899744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","mag":"2465899744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022374253","display_name":"Maged Abdullah Esmail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-0529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maged Abdullah Esmail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","KACST Technology Innovation Center in Radio Frequency and Photonics Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KACST Technology Innovation Center in Radio Frequency and Photonics Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061826016","display_name":"Habib Fathallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Fathallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","KACST Technology Innovation Center in Radio Frequency and Photonics Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KACST Technology Innovation Center in Radio Frequency and Photonics Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Mecca, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Mecca, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022374253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098","https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93004802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"1888","last_page":"1891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.7973813414573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.7841428518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6077895760536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5861353874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5821266174316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-transmission","display_name":"Microwave transmission","score":0.5133461356163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5095508098602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5090510249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4656458795070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4617287218570709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.4426802694797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4255686402320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4225076735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.41949746012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.380715548992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3481428921222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23487591743469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18664517998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.17792534828186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10874992609024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1080922782421112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.7973813414573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.7841428518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6077895760536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5861353874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5821266174316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.5133461356163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5095508098602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5090510249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4656458795070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4617287218570709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4426802694797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4255686402320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4225076735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.41949746012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.380715548992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3481428921222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23487591743469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18664517998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.17792534828186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10874992609024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1080922782421112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2586043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/615922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/615922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2377299610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APR 34-145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598364357","https://openalex.org/W1893784433","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W1983330672","https://openalex.org/W1984568853","https://openalex.org/W1990530248","https://openalex.org/W2043668270","https://openalex.org/W2114043379","https://openalex.org/W2116240926","https://openalex.org/W3138518881","https://openalex.org/W4302039565","https://openalex.org/W6639693582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W2374479570","https://openalex.org/W2904463789","https://openalex.org/W4386214712","https://openalex.org/W1971326319","https://openalex.org/W2188994282","https://openalex.org/W1581377347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free":[0],"space":[1],"optical":[2,31],"(FSO)":[3],"communication":[4,58],"systems":[5,59],"are":[6,67],"affected":[7],"by":[8],"dust":[9,46,85,154],"particles":[10,24],"suspended":[11],"in":[12,15,25,74],"the":[13,26,30,41,43,48,79,101,112,119,153],"atmosphere":[14],"arid":[16],"and":[17,36,65,96,106,133],"semi-arid":[18],"regions.":[19],"The":[20,122],"presence":[21],"of":[22,45,81,118,140,142],"these":[23],"air":[27],"severely":[28],"affects":[29],"link,":[32],"reduces":[33],"its":[34],"availability,":[35],"causes":[37],"service":[38],"outage.":[39],"In":[40],"literature,":[42],"effect":[44],"on":[47],"microwave":[49],"signals":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"widely":[53],"investigated.":[54],"However,":[55],"for":[56,111,128],"FSO":[57,82,129],"that":[60,152],"exploit":[61],"shorter":[62],"wavelengths,":[63],"information":[64],"research":[66],"still":[68],"very":[69],"limited,":[70],"almost":[71],"inexistent.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"this":[75,93],"letter,":[76],"we":[77,104],"investigate":[78],"performance":[80,127],"links":[83],"under":[84,131],"storms.":[86],"We":[87],"designed":[88],"a":[89,116,148],"chamber":[90],"to":[91,144],"emulate":[92],"specific":[94],"environment":[95],"carry":[97],"out":[98],"measurements.":[99],"From":[100],"experimental":[102],"investigations,":[103],"derive":[105],"propose":[107],"an":[108,125],"empirical":[109],"model":[110],"signal":[113],"attenuation":[114,159],"as":[115],"function":[117],"visibility":[120],"range.":[121],"results":[123],"show":[124],"acceptable":[126],"links,":[130],"moderate":[132],"light":[134],"dust,":[135],"with":[136],"potential":[137],"reach":[138],"distance":[139],"hundreds":[141],"meters":[143],"few":[145],"kilometers.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"comparison":[149],"analysis":[150],"shows":[151],"induces":[155],"seven":[156],"times":[157],"higher":[158],"than":[160],"fog.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
